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Some of the earliest farming villages include Jericho in the West Bank, Çatalhöyük in Turkey, and Tell Brak in Syria. These settlements emerged around 10,000 years ago and represent some of the earliest examples of agricultural societies.
Farming societies needed to control land for agricultural purposes, such as planting and harvesting crops to sustain their populations. In contrast, hunter-gatherer societies were nomadic and relied on naturally occurring food sources, so they did not require land ownership for farming.
The first neolithic farming villages appeared in the Fertile Crescent region, specifically in areas such as modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. This region is often referred to as the "cradle of civilization" due to its significance in the development of agriculture and settled societies.
Farming societies rely primarily on agriculture for their livelihood, cultivating crops and domesticating animals. In contrast, pastoral societies depend largely on herding animals for sustenance, moving them to different grazing areas. Farming tends to be more sedentary, while pastoralism involves more nomadic lifestyles.
Scientists have found evidence of Neolithic farming villages in various parts of the world, including the Middle East (such as Jericho in modern-day Palestine), Europe (like Çatalhöyük in Turkey), and Asia (for example, in the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys in China). These villages provide insights into the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural-based societies in human history.
Generally people began to live in villages when they began farming around 11,000 years ago, however there were some sedentary societies before this in areas which were particularly productive and allowed hunter-gatherer societies to settle in one area knowing that there would be food in the local area to support them year-round
The earliest Neolithic settlements are often referred to as villages or farming communities. These settlements were characterized by the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities.
Neolithic societies typically lived in small, agricultural villages consisting of simple mud-brick houses. These societies were often organized around kinship ties and shared responsibilities for farming and animal husbandry. Social structures were likely egalitarian, with decision-making based on consensus within the community.
farming
surplus of crops
Most of the earliest farming villages were built near rivers or other sources of water. This allowed for easier access to water for agriculture, as well as providing fertile land for farming.
The Hopewell were settled agricultural societies known for their ceremonial earthworks and extensive trade networks. They lived in permanent villages and practiced farming, hunting, and gathering as means of subsistence.