IN SAW WHY SLAG OCCURS?
Flux core arc welding
In European Shipbuilding Industries used SMAW,GTAW,GMAW,SAW,FCAW(MAG). In INDIAN Shipbuilding Industries used, LBW,EBW,EGW,ESW,FCAW,SAW.
The main difference between Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is the type of consumable electrode used. FCAW uses a tubular electrode filled with flux to protect the weld pool, while GMAW uses a solid wire electrode with an external shielding gas. FCAW is often preferred for outdoor welding due to its self-shielding capabilities, while GMAW generally produces cleaner welds.
12 mm
The American Welding Society abbreviations for the arc welding processes that melt a tubular electrode with alloys deoxidizers and slag formers in their cores are FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding) and metal-cored arc welding (MC).
For steel structures in building construction, the most common types of welding used are: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) – Also known as stick welding, it is widely used on construction sites for its simplicity and versatility. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – Also called MIG welding, it is faster and cleaner, often used in workshops or controlled environments. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) – Similar to MIG but better for outdoor use and thicker steel sections, often used in structural steel fabrication. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) – Used for heavy, large-scale steel sections like beams and columns, typically in factory settings. These welding methods ensure strong, durable joints for columns, beams, trusses, and other steel components in buildings.
MIG stands for metal inert gas. It is a non-standard term for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) according to the American Welding Society (AWS). It is simply Metal Inert Gas.
FCAW requires a continuously-fed consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant-voltage. An externally supplied shielding gas is sometimes used, but often the flux itself is relied upon. The process is widely used in construction because of its high welding speed and portability. Cored electrodes produce a more stable arc, improve weld contour, and improve mechanical properties of the weld metal. Porosity and costly filler material as compared to GMAW.
A certified welder is one who has successfully passed the requirements of an industry specification for welding in a particular process (SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW), and in a specific position (1G, 2G, 3F, 6G, etc.), with a specific material (mild steel, aluminum, stainless, etc.) The certification relates only to the specification that was qualified to, in the position qualified, on the material qualified, and only with the process used. A master welder is one who can, or has, passed the most restrictive position (Usually 6G), in all processes, and in many different material groups. There is no mention of "master welder" in welding specifications, it is usually an internal company designation. It is expected that a Master Welder can weld any material, in any position, with any process.
Zinc welding is typically done using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) processes. It's important to use proper ventilation and personal protective equipment when welding zinc to avoid exposure to harmful fumes. Additionally, cleaning the zinc surface before welding and selecting the appropriate filler material are essential for achieving a strong weld.
In Canada they are called "levels" , and start with level "C" then B and A there are also higher levels of sorts like "boiler maker" , but most other levels are added certifications which involve the different processes, as example "all position FCAW" (flux core arc welding ) these certifications can be achieved at different levels. The aforementioned could be achieved at level C , B or A . All of which require separate testing.
There are far more than 5 types or processes of welding. Currently the American Welding Society (AWS) states that there are more than 80 different welding and joining processes. However, some of the common welding processes include shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW), and oxyfuel gas welding (OFW).