In great Britain the prime minister is elected by?

Answer 1

The prime minister is not elected as such, but "invited" by the monarch to form a government. However, by constitutional convention the monarch will invite the leader of the majority party, and that leader is elected in different ways according to the rules of the party concerned. Things can become interesting when there is a 'hung' parliament - ie when no one party commands an overall majority of seats, and when the parties must negotiate to see which of them can - in coalition or informal alliance with others - form a government and command the confidence of members of Parliament. In these circumstances the role of the crown can become quite political, although under the very Briitish constitutional settlement of 1689 - which avoided revolution by ceding the powers of the crown to parliament in effect but not in name - the monarch's advisers try hard to avoid any direct and overt political role.