mesosphere, stratosphere
Heat
In the particle theory, heat conduction is explained by the transfer of kinetic energy between particles. When a material is heated, its particles gain energy and vibrate more rapidly. These particles then collide with neighboring particles, transferring some of their energy and causing them to vibrate faster. This process continues throughout the material, leading to the overall transfer of heat.
Yes, molecules in gases move rapidly and collide frequently due to the high-energy environment of gas particles. These collisions contribute to the overall pressure and volume of the gas system.
There are a few causes that lead to atmospheric air to be rapidly heated. Having a fire burning will lead to rapidly heated atmospheric air.
When you heat an object, the particles in the object gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly. This increased motion causes the particles to collide with each other and nearby objects, transferring the heat energy.
That phenomenon is known as thunderstorms. Rapidly rising air within a thunderstorm causes water droplets and ice particles to collide and create electrical charges. This leads to lightning and thunder.
When air is rapidly compressed, the gas particles are forced closer together, increasing their kinetic energy and causing them to collide more frequently. This increased collision rate generates heat energy, raising the air's temperature.
The molecules of steam in a kettle have high kinetic energy due to heat, causing them to move rapidly and collide with the walls of the kettle. These collisions create pressure as the molecules transfer momentum to the kettle walls. When the pressure inside the kettle exceeds the atmospheric pressure, the steam escapes as a jet through the spout.
The particles of the hot water transfer their kinetic energy to the particles of the spoon, increasing their motion and temperature. This causes the spoon's particles to also vibrate more rapidly, leading to an increase in the spoon's temperature. This transfer of heat energy continues until thermal equilibrium is reached.
The particles are moving rapidly
When a substance is heated, its particles gain energy and move more rapidly. This increased kinetic energy causes the particles to spread out, leading to an expansion in volume. As the particles move more freely and collide with each other less frequently, the substance takes up more space.
Sound speed depends on the vibration of the particles, the velocity in which the kinetic energy moves between the particles. Solids have particles that are very close to each other, so the transfer of kinetic energy will occur rapidly. In liquids and gases , however, the particles are far apart, so the transfer of kinetic energy from one particle to another will take time.