ijergn
Gas
liquid
Liquid
At this temperature bromine is a liquid.
Bromine at -100 oC is a solid.
Liquid at Room
liquid
Liquid
The thermal energy of a substance is related to its physical state by determining the motion and arrangement of its particles. In solid state, particles have low thermal energy and vibrate in fixed positions. In liquid state, particles have higher thermal energy and move more freely. In gas state, particles have the highest thermal energy and move independently of each other.
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
Bromine at -100 oC is a solid.
At this temperature bromine is a liquid.
Bromine at -100 oC is a solid.
Liquid at Room
it will increase or decrease depending on the states. from solid --> liquid or liquid --> gas it is positive and endothermic, and thermal energy is increasing from liquid --> solid or gas --> liquid it is negative and exothermic, and thermal energy is decreasing
Thermal energy can cause changes in materials by either heating or cooling them. Heating can expand materials, change their physical state (e.g. melting), or initiate chemical reactions. Cooling can contract materials, change their physical state (e.g. freezing), or slow down reactions. Thermal energy essentially provides the energy needed for these changes to occur.