Trade Winds were used by early sailors.
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The stone used by early sailors as a primitive compass was called a lodestone. Lodestones are naturally magnetized rocks that were used to help sailors navigate by aligning with the Earth's magnetic field.
Two inventions that aided in early exploration were the compass, which allowed sailors to navigate based on the Earth's magnetic field, and the astrolabe, which helped sailors determine their latitude by measuring the angle of celestial bodies above the horizon.
By Using the sun, moon and stars
The development of the lateen sail, the rudder, and the astrolabe gave sailors a means to navigate in open water.
Early sailors would get both a pig and a rooster. One on each foot.
The astrolabe was important for early exploration because it allowed sailors to determine their latitude by measuring the angle of celestial bodies, primarily the sun or stars, above the horizon. This helped them navigate more accurately and chart their course at sea.
The first people to navigate by the North Star and the Big Dipper were likely early seafarers, such as Polynesian navigators and ancient sailors. By observing the position of the North Star (Polaris) and the orientation of the Big Dipper, they could determine their direction and navigate accurately over long distances.
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Early compasses, developed during the Middle Ages, were primarily used by sailors to determine direction while at sea. They consisted of a magnetized needle that aligned itself with the Earth's magnetic field, allowing sailors to identify cardinal points (north, south, east, west). By using the compass in conjunction with celestial navigation and charts, sailors could chart courses more accurately, especially in overcast or uncharted waters. This greatly enhanced maritime navigation, leading to more extensive exploration and trade.
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The island was known to Phonecian, Arabs, and Malay Sailors as early as the 10th century