Introspection is to structuralism as observation is to behaviorism.
A bear is belived to symbolize: - instinctive animal power - independence, since they hibernate in winter and reappear in summer they symbolize rebirth and/or death - courage and introspection Your dream could be trying to tell you: Do you need to take on the power of a bear? Can you bear up - keep your spirits raised - or can you enlist help to do so?
Squirrels are on the menu for many animals; foxes, coyotes, wild cats, hawks, owls, snakes.Long known for engaging in relentlessly critical introspection, the biggest natural predator of the squirrel is in fact themselves.
There are 2 main scientific methods that explain ethology. 1 is classical ethology, and the other is animal pychology. Classical ethology as explained by Charles Darwin says that animal have an inate or instinctual ability to survive. There behaviors are not taught ,but automatically known. There is a pre- programed gene in which these animals access the ability to survive natural selection. Animal pychology the role of learning. As seen Pavlovs bell, animals have the ability to learn. The can connect a conditioned stimuli with an unconditioned response, and thus create a conditioned response. This is a long process, but animals can and have shown the ability to associate and learn new things. Behaviorism which originated with John B. Watson is the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. This is stimulus Response, the muscular, and glandular response that we can observe.
Structuralism
Structuralism
Some early schools of psychology include structuralism, which focused on breaking down mental experiences into basic elements, and functionalism, which emphasized the purpose of mental processes in adapting to the environment. Other schools include behaviorism, which studied observable behavior, and psychoanalysis, which delved into unconscious drives and conflicts.
Structuralism focuses on analyzing the underlying structures that shape human experiences, behaviors, and relationships. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of different elements in a system and how these elements help create meaning and understanding. Structuralists often seek to uncover hidden patterns and rules that govern our thought processes and actions.
The four major types of psychological research are experimental research, correlational research, descriptive research, and qualitative research. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships. Correlational research examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them. Descriptive research aims to describe behaviors or characteristics. Qualitative research explores individuals' experiences and perceptions in depth.
introspection, where individuals would analyze and describe their own conscious thoughts and experiences in order to understand the underlying structure of the mind.
BEHAVIORISM
Structuralism
Structuralism is a theoretical approach that looks at the underlying structures that shape human experiences, such as language, culture, and society. It focuses on the relationships between elements within these structures rather than individual elements themselves. Structuralism was influential in fields like anthropology, linguistics, and literary theory in the 20th century.
the process of observing an object and recording the thoughts, sensations, and feelings. A key tool of structuralism.
Structuralism focuses on analyzing the structure of conscious experience by breaking it down into its basic components. Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of mental processes and behavior in adapting to the environment. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior as a way to understand psychology. Gestalt psychology emphasizes the idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of its parts.
The old school of psychology refers to early approaches such as structuralism and functionalism, while the new school encompasses contemporary perspectives like cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, and positive psychology. The old school focused on understanding the structure of the mind, while the new school emphasizes behavior, cognition, emotions, and mental health outcomes.