Yes, that is correct!
If someones offers something without being asked they are a volunteer
It depends how you use it. If you use it after something it can be correct. But being in a sentence by itself isn't correct.
Being able is the correct version of the sentence. You can use it as a fragment of any sentence.
a correct sentence
Yes, but a better sentence is "She dislikes BEING lied to."
"Thank you for being so patient." That is correct.
Takes you directly to your desktop without being asked to type username or password
No, the correct way to say it is "be a human being."
Technically neither one is incorrect. It is more grammatically correct to use this sentence; He felt he was being mistreated.
A puzzla (pronounced puzzler) is, usually, a typo.The correct meaning of a puzzla is a sentence without the letter e in it (hence being "puzzla").
The use of the word in the sentence you quote is in the sense of having been perceived as being rude to an elder. So yes, the sentence is correct.
I believe that 'you had been asked' sounds correctly and the other, has the wrong tense. It has been set in present tense and is not used as often; therefor it will not sound correct to most people.