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Lactose is strung together using beta1-4 glycosidic bonds. Some humans cannot digest it (lactose intolerance). In fact, the ability to digest lactose was actually a mutation! When it passes through the digestive tract undigested it empties from the small intestine to the large intestine's cecum. There, gut flora (microorganisms) ferment lactose and other carbohydrates for energy. The fermentation process releases some very helpful compounds for the human's benefit, too (SCFAs).

E Coli is one of the many microorganisms that live in our large intestine. It, and the others, ferment lactose (among other things) for energy.

I hope that answers your question! :)

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