LM7805 is not a microcontroller. LM7805 is an +5.0V 1A voltage regulator.
No. The prefix LM indicates a linear (aka analog) integrated circuit, not a digital integrated circuit.
The term LM7805 refers to a type of semiconductor. The number tells what kind it is and what the voltage output is. More information about this can be found online.
The case of the TO-220 LM7805 regulator is device ground. If the heatsink is also ground, you do not need an insulator. If the heatsink is not ground, or if you need to maintain distinct grounds, or if the LM7805 ground is something else besides ground, you need an insulator. Its up to you, since you are responsible for system and circuit design.
That depends on the specific microcontroller.
The PIC is a specific architecture of microcontroller.
to determine the state condition of microcontroller's input when microcontroller is reading the input port
The term LM7805 refers to a type of semiconductor. The number tells what kind it is and what the voltage output is. More information about this can be found online.
positive 5 volts
It stands for a manufacturer's code (NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS)
The case of the TO-220 LM7805 regulator is device ground. If the heatsink is also ground, you do not need an insulator. If the heatsink is not ground, or if you need to maintain distinct grounds, or if the LM7805 ground is something else besides ground, you need an insulator. Its up to you, since you are responsible for system and circuit design.
That depends on the specific microcontroller.
x
The PIC is a specific architecture of microcontroller.
The voltage of the 8031 microcontroller is 2.7V to 5.5V.
The 8051 Microcontroller is a microcontroller ("chip") developed by Intel in 1980.
PIC Microcontroller which means Peripheral Interface Controller. PIC Microcontroller is originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division.
Segger Microcontroller Systems was created in 1991.
to determine the state condition of microcontroller's input when microcontroller is reading the input port