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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
21,188 Questions
What is the difference between a solar cell and a solar panel?
A solar panel is made up of a series of solar cells. The number of cells in any one panel is dependant on its size.
So a cell is part of a panel, just like a living human cell is part of the human body.
How long until MRI scan results come back?
For me, it took about five days. Though my doctor told me it could be anywhere from three days to two weeks. For me, it took about five days. Though my doctor told me it could be anywhere from three days to two weeks.
What are advantages of bridge rectifier?
A bridge rectifier will rectify both halves of a sine wave and give "continuous output" through 360 degrees of the input. Oh, and you don't need a center-tapped transformer to use it.
What is difference between modulated wave and carrier wave?
Carrier Wave:
A carrier wave is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave that is used as the "carrier" or the base signal in a modulation process.
It is typically a pure sine wave with a constant frequency and amplitude.
The carrier wave by itself does not carry any information; it serves as a vehicle to carry the information from one location to another.
In AM and FM radio broadcasting, the carrier wave is the primary signal transmitted by the radio station.
Modulated Wave:
A modulated wave is the result of combining the carrier wave with an information signal, such as an audio signal or data.
Modulation is the process of varying the characteristics of the carrier wave (either its amplitude or frequency) in accordance with the information signal.
There are two common types of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM).
In AM, the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the information signal. This variation encodes the information onto the carrier wave.
In FM, the frequency of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the information signal. This variation encodes the information onto the carrier wave.
The modulated wave contains the information that needs to be transmitted, and it can be demodulated at the receiving end to retrieve the original information.
Difference between an integrated circuit and transistor?
Basically a transistor is just one single component and has no function by itself, while an IC is composed of several components of various types (transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors) pre-wired into a specific circuit having a specific function that it performs.
An IC can now have as few as two components in it to hundreds of billions of components in it, soon the technology for making ICs will probably be able to put hundreds of trillions of components in one IC and the ultimate limit is still uncertain.
Why tungsten filament does not obey ohm's law?
A tungsten filament does follow Ohm's Law at any instant of time. You may be confused in that the filament resistance changes from its "cold" state to its "hot" state. When cold the resistance is about 1/15 the resistance of what it is when the filament heats up, which happens very quickly. At any instant Ohm's Law holds. When the voltage is applied you have an initial current draw that exceeds the steady state current draw based on the change in resistance.
AnswerOhm's Law either applies, or it does not. It cannot apply 'at an instant of time' -a change in current is either proportional to a change in voltage, or it isn't!
A tungsten filament does not obey Ohm's Law, because the current flowing through the filament does not increase in proportion to the applied voltage. This is because the resistance changes due to the filament's increasing temperature as the applied voltage increases. This is why Ohm's Law specifies that current is proportional to voltage, provided the temperature remains constant.
Although tungsten doesn't obey Ohm's Law, the so-called Ohm's Law equation applies whether a circuit obeys Ohm's Law or not. This is because the formula is really derived from the definition of the ohm, and not from Ohm's Law itself, which makes absolutely NO reference to resistance!
Can a 12 volt battery safely run a 9 volt motor?
Usually, I have gotten away with this, BUT... depending on the quality of the windings in the motor, it could burn through the tiny wire in the motor winding. I have done this many times with no problem, but have also burned out a few motors.
One good example is that I have several [from the "early" days] cordless drills. The early ones used anywhere from 6 to 9 volt battery packs.
I then bought a 12 volt drill at Harbor Freight and Tools, and when I got it home and examined it I realized that the 12 volt battery pack was IDENTICAL in size to the older 6 and 9 volt packs.
So, after charging the new 12 volt pack, I tried it in the older 6 and 9 volt drills. Lo and behold, it worked fine, with just a little more RPM and drilling power.
I then called my Electrical Engineer brother and asked him about it and he said that those small drill motors are not that sensitive to even a doubling of voltage and perform OK with 12 volts on 6 and 9 volt units.
That was about 4 or 5 years ago, and for some time, I've been using 12 volt battery packs for all three units [6, 9, and 12 volts]. When time came to replace failed 6 and 9 volt units, I switched to 12 volt packs for all 3 drills.
Again, I think 12 volts will be safe for your 9 volt motor, but it depends on the motor.
What is the relationship between current and current density?
Current (I) is measured in amperes, which is an SI Base Unit, defined in terms of the force (expressed in newtons) between two, parallel, current-carrying conductors.
Current is the rate at which electric charge (Q) flows. Electric charge is measured in coulombs, which is an SI Derived Unit, defined in terms of current and time (t) the ampere and the second. That is: Q = I t.
So a 'coulomb' is a special name given to an 'ampere second'.
How much did he first desktop computer cost?
The first computers had no fixed selling price. They were usually built on cost plus fixed fee contracts, because the people making them could not guess at final cost to build them.
For example the ENIAC was estimated at $50,000 when the Army signed the cost plus contract. The Army eventually payed a bit more than $500,000.
The UNIVAC I original fixed price contracts were for $250,000 but when the machine went into production its actual price was $2,500,000. Remington Rand lost lots of money on the first two UNIVAC's sold as the company had to pay the difference between cost to build and what the customer payed!
What advantage over vacuum tubes did transistors represent in computer design?
From an audio amplifier standpoint, transistors were primarily low-voltage, high current devices. Since loudspeakers were typically low-impedance, the transistorized circuit didn't require a transformer to help match the impedance; i.e. they were better matched. However, when a transistor "saturated" it "clips" abruptly, causing harmonics at the output. Vacuum tubes tended to "soft clip' which reduced the undesirable harmonics.
From another standpoint, transistors were smaller in size, didn't require high voltage power supplies, and dissipated less heat (i.e. more efficient).
Analog computers are also called continuous computers, as there are no discontinuities in their computations. A mechanical analog computer might represent variables by rotation rate of shafts, any given shaft can rotate at any speed and will smoothly accelerate or decelerate its rotation as the calculation proceeds. An electronic analog computer might represent variables by voltages, say any voltage between -20VDC and +20VDC with voltages smoothly varying as the calculation proceeds.
- Bush differential analyzer at MIT, electromechanical, 1929.
- Norden bombsight, electromechanical, 1930s through 1960s (used in WW2, Korea, and Vietnam!).
- Various commercial electronic differential analyzers sold from 1950s through 1970s, electronic.
- Murray/Walker simultaneous equation solver, electronic, 1949.
- Vacuum operated cruise control in cars, mechanical/pneumatic.
- Resistor/capacitor 3D mesh water table models, electronic.
- etc.
Digital computers on the other hand have discontinuous states that they jump from one to another.
- ABC: Atanasoff-Berry Computer, simultaneous equation solver, 1942
- ENIAC, late 1945
- UNIVAC I
- IBM 700 and 7000 series
- DEC VAX
- Desktops and laptops
- Both of the computers in your cellphone
- etc.
Hybrid computers are simply computer systems that combine both analog and digital computers together. Usually the digital computer controls the analog computer, reconfiguring it and entering new data each time the analog computer completes one problem, to have it solve a different one.
- Most were custom "one off" systems built by individual labs or universities by buying a standard COTS digital computer and a standard COTS electronic analog computer, and customizing them to work together as needed.
- One example of such a machine used a DEC minicomputer and an analog computer to model heat flow from a nuclear reactor fuel rod to circulating coolant. The analog computer was programmed on its plugboard to do a rapid solution through a single radial slice of the system, the digital computer was programmed to enter new parameters into the analog computer for each slice starting at the coolant entrance end of the fuel rod and collect and record the results of each slice. The machine could solve the problem to adequate accuracy much faster and more cheaply than an all digital system or all analog system of the time period.
Why the first-generation of computer use vacuum tubes?
- The first digital computer that used vacuum tubes was the ABC, completed in 1942 by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in Ames, IA.
- An early analog computer that used vacuum tubes was the Differential Analyzer, completed in 1929 by Vannevar Bush and a large team at MIT. (there probably were other smaller analog computers of this type that used vacuum tubes before this, so it probably isn't the first but its the earliest where I can find it clearly documented).
When was radar first used in world war 2?
One of the first uses was during the Battle of Britain. British radar would detect oncoming German airplanes and the British would send up the Supermarine Spitfire to shoot down fighters and the Hawker Hurricane to shoot down bombers. Radar let the British use their aircraft to their best advantage. Instead of constantly flying air patrol, they could take off when the enemy was coming, and attack them where they were. It was the advantage of radar that enabled the British to defeat the Germans and showed once and for all time, the importance of radar in air combat.
What is the unit that electrical power is measured in?
Answer: In SI, all forms of energy is measured in joules. An alternative, but non-SI, unit is the kilowatt-hour. A kW.h is equivalent to 3.6 million joules.
In the UK, energy companies charge their consumers 'per unit', rather than 'per kilowatt hour'. In this context, a 'unit' is short for 'Board of Trade Unit', and is used to measure the consumption of electrical energy. A unit is exactly equal to a kilowatt hour, which is the amount of energy consumed, over a period of one hour, at a rate of one kilowatt.
Answer: It depends what aspect of electricity you want to measure. The above answer is for energy; however, in electricity you also use other units including ampere (to measure current), volts (to measure voltage), ohms (to measure resistance or impedance), hertz (to measure frequency), and several others.
What is an example of intrinsic punishment?
An intrinsic reward is simply a mental feeling of achievement or accomplishment that has no physical representation. I.E. a simple "well done" from a co-worker. This is as opposed to extrinsic rewards such as physical certificates or medals.
What is the base unit of voltage?
The base unit of voltage is the volt, a combined unit meaning joules per coulomb.
AnswerThe SI unit for voltage is the volt (symbol: V), which is a derived unit -not a base unit. There are seven base units in the SI system: metre, kilogram, second, ampere, candela, kelvin, and mole. SI units which are not base units are termed 'derived units'.
How does an electrical power cable affect a coaxial signal cable?
There isn't or shouldn't be any power in coaxial cable. It is just for the TV or computer hook up. Just so you can receive the signal from the broadcaster or Internet.
In several ways the previous answer is wrong.
Firstly coaxial cable is exactly like normal 2 wire cable (fig8 cable) except that instead of two separate wires running side by side separated by insulation) one wire is inside the other (again separated by insulation). There are many different types of coax (probably hundreds eg one i use is rg-58 which is for two way radios, another is rg-6 which is used for tv coax)
secondly- if any signal is to be passed through a cable- there has to be power flowing through it- it may be incredibly small (microvolts like from your tv antenna) or very large (hundreds of volts like in a high powered radio transmitter)
Even in a tv coax, if you have a `masthead amplifier' that only has 1 cable running up to the antenna and a funny box behind the tv that has 2 coax leads running into it and a plug-pack from a PowerPoint going into it as well- you would find that you are actually passing power up the coax from the PowerPoint plug-pack to the electronics up on top of the tv mast - power going up and tv signal coming down the same coax at the same time- saves on another two wires having to be run!!!
Many `cable' tv or internet cables have a similar `power over coax' arrangement for powering amplifiers on long cable runs, this is normally stopped by a filter before the end users outlet however (if the filter is faulty this can be the `tingle or zap' that you sometimes get when touching the outer screw connector of the coax plug)
What happens to atoms when cooled?
as the atom cools down it comes back in its orignal shape .it will be in its contracting form
What is function of strobe in LM 311 IC?
The strobe pin on the LM311 is used to disable the output, so that multiple 311's can be ganged together, with only one being turned on at a time. It is also used to adjust the balance of the device.
What is the charging time on a 9.6 volt battery?
No, not unless it has a voltage or current regulator or series resistance to limit the current (built in somewhere).
How are wind turbines transported?
Energy can not be created or destroyed but only changed from one form to another. Wind energy is changed to mechanical energy of the turbines. The turbines can then generate electricity.
The ohm is the unit of measurement of quantity of positive electrical charges?
Ohm is a unit of measurement for resistance. The term ohm was named after a German physicist named Georg Simon Ohm.
