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adjective phrase
Although there is an adjective form from the present partciple (barking, as in barking dog). Unfortunately, only Wiktionary believes there is an adverb form barkingly.
There is no adverb form of the adjective elephantine.
The word "gently" is an adverb. The phrase "in her hands" is an adverb phrase.
Strange is an adjective. Strangely is an adverb.
As a prepositional phrase, it can be either, but more properly an adverb phrase. He studied the digestive process in dogs. (adjective, meaning of dogs) The disease is often found in dogs. (adverb)
By a virus adjective
If the phrase describes (modifies) a noun or pronoun, it's an adjective phrase. If the phrase describes a verb, adjective, or adverb, it's an adverb phrase.
adverb phrase
Adverb Phrase
Adjective
an adjective phrase acts like an adjective and modifies the noun or pronoun in the sentence. an adverb phrase acts like an adverb and modifies the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence.
By a virus adjective
It is an adverb phrase (tells where).
adjective phrase
adverb
adverb phrase