Mandrake was a Linux distribution. It later changed its name to Mandriva in 2005, then when it became defunct, a few forks based on it popped up, including:
There are many distribution of Linux such as Ubuntu Fedora Red Hat Debians Caldera Mandrake etc... but the most common is "Red Hat" as it is easy to use and install and come with comprehensive utilities and application including X-Window Graphic system.
None. Any distro branded "Mandrake" is long obsolete; the parent company renamed itself to "Mandriva" in 2005.
This very much depends on what you are trying to do. As a general desktop with no particular goals, Redhat/Fedora, Mandrake, SuSE, Debian and Ubuntu are more or less equally easy to use.
Redhat and Mandrake are not versions of any operating system. Both are itself standalone Linux operating systems.
Yes. BackTrack is a Linux distribution that focuses on penetration testing and computer forensics.
Yes.
No, Ubuntu is part of Linux.
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)
Yes.
Scientific Linux is a Linux distribution. It is a free and open source operating system and aims to be as close to the commercial enterprise distribution as possible.
No Linux distribution is currently made for any PalmPilot model.
A server with a Linux distribution installed on it.