Yes.
44
The .357 Magnum is more powerful, all day long.
What calibre Desert Eagle did you have in mind? The Desert Eagle came in .357 Magnum, but was also available in several considerably more powerful calibres, including .41 Magnum, .44 Magnum, .440 Cor-Bon, and .50 Action Express.
It is: 356+1 = 357
No, .357 and .38 special are not interchangeable because the .357 cartridge is longer and more powerful than the .38 special cartridge.
Depends entirely on which 357, and the condition of both guns. Some are worth more, some less.
More than a 22, less than a 357
No, a .38 Special cannot shoot a .357 round because the .357 round is longer and more powerful than the .38 Special.
As a strictly mathematical calculation, since velocity squared times mass equals energy, the .357 Sig should have more "energy" to dump into a target because it's got more velocity and velocity is worth more than weight when it comes to energy. But the .40 makes a bigger hole, will open-up or mushroom way bigger than the .357 will, and should penetrate deeper than an identical bullet in .357 caliber.
The chrome plated colt python 357 magnum is more than $800.
.357 Magnum.
Assuming we're talking about .357 magnum and .38 special revolvers, the most basic difference is a .357 magnum chamber is slightly longer than the .38. The .357 casing is also slightly longer than the .38 and holds more powder. The actual bullet (the piece of lead) is the same, but because of the higher pressure of the .357, the bullet travels faster and has more energy. .357 magnum guns are typically a little heavier than a similar gun in .38.