"Cygnus" is the latin word for "swan." It is the name given to a constellation in our skies. Within this constellation is a major source of x-rays; the source of which was eventually regarded as a black hole. This was the first object that most astronomers concluded was unambiguously a black hole, a conclusion reached about thirty years ago.
Basically, the same thing can happen as if something gets too close to the Sun, or to a planet: it can fall into the black hole (or Sun, or planet).
Not entirely - although it is believed that quasars are caused by a gigantic black hole.
The same thing that happens when you die anywhere else - you will remain dead.
If you jumped into an "ordinary" Schwarzschild black hole, you would be crushed into a long line of particles, which means death by a black hole. If you jumped into a Kerr black hole, the same process may occur, but the only thing different is that a Kerr black hole spins, and a Schwarzschild black hole does not. That answer needs a bit more detail. Please use the "related link" below.
What do you mean? "Gravitational pull" and "gravity" is the same thing.
No, they are not the same. A singularity would be inside a black hole.
X-rays are electromagnetic waves, basically the same thing as light - so no.
The same as when anything falls into a black hole: as it spirals into the event horizon, much of its matter is converted to radiaton, and the rest of it is absorbed by the black hole, adding to its mass. The fact is we don't really know. Theoretically, black holes are spatial singularities that lie at the bottom of a massive gravity well. The only thing that escapes a black hole is radiation, and we believe that is the result of the destruction of what falls in.
No, a black hole definitely does not have infinite mass. In some mathematical models, there is an object called a singularity, inside a black hole, which has infinite density. That is not the same as infinite mass. If a finite mass is contained in zero volume, then the density becomes infinite. We do not have any real confirmation that such a thing as a singularity or an infinite density actually exist, but they may.
No.
no.
The term 'black hole' is particularly appropriate in its application to the astrophysical phenomenon of the same name due to the property of the escape velocity exceeding the speed of light. This means that no light or matter escapes a black hole.