Terminology check: A musket is not a rifle at all - it is a smoothbore weapon. A rifle is so-called because it has a rifled (grooved) barrel. That said, until rifling came along, muskets were the shoulder weapon of most armies, yes (the purpose of rifling the barrel was to make the bullet "spin" - this greatly increased accuracy).
the musket does not have a rifled barrel and a rifle does
No, a rifle has rifling in its barrel (spiral grooves to make the bullet spin, thus stabilizing it and improving accuracy). A musket barrel is smooth.
musket Or miguelet / miquelet.
Carbine, rifle, firearm, or gun. Those are synonyms for musket.
A musket is smooth bored, like a shotgun's bore. A rifle has rifling inside the bore (grooves).
It replaced the smoothbore musket.
Nothing different from a rifle.
The rifles had superior range and accuracy compared to the smoothbore musket.
A pistol would generally be considered a weapon with a relatively short barrel length like a handgun, whereas a musket would be a long barreled weapon more like a rifle.
bayonet
Rifle.
A bayonet is a thrusting weapon placed on the muzzle of a musket or rifle which turns the weapon into a spear.