yes
A spreadsheet.
Your question is very strange, one would not normally use that term in relation to a spreadsheet. However voluminous would mean "lots of".
It is a spreadsheet application and mainly deals with numbers, but it has databasing capabilities and can manipulate strings.
A spreadsheet. Spreadsheets usually rely on formulae to calculate numbers. That function is not part of a word-processor.
Apple's Numbers software is the spreadsheet component of their iWork suite.
Spreadsheets are mainly for manipulating numbers and doing calculations, but a spreadsheet will also have a lot of text in it too, usually to explain what the numbers refer to. So there will be mostly numbers on a spreadsheet, but lots of text too.
Serial numbers. Or, generically for any spreadsheet, row headers.
no they are not
The spreadsheet included with the iWork software suite is called Numbers.
No. Rows are identified by numbers in a spreadsheet. Columns are identified by letters.
The closest equivalent would be Pages, although it doesn't have quite as many features as Microsoft Word.
From the Numbers File menu select New From Template Chooser.... And then select the Blank spreadsheet template.