The simplest way to describe it is - - - they are both "invitations" to come to court. The SUBPOENA asks you politely to come to court (with the implied threat that you can be made to come). The WARRANT is a demand that law enforcement bring you to court NOW - whether you want to come or not.
No. A summons usually accompanies a complaint, meaning you are being sued. A subpoena usually wants your testimony or documentation.
An individual cannot 'pay' to get a subpoena, search warrant, or court order. You do pay an attorney to petition the court.
Yes.
Yes. If not then the court can always correct the spelling for the arrest warrant.
The court has many options. They can include a bench warrant with jail time or a fine.
Yes, it would be Contempt of Court and a warrant could be issued.
If a court ordered you to appear and you didn't, then a warrant will be issued for your arrest.
By issuing a subpoena and confirming that the subpoena has been served on the wittness. If the person doesn't respond to the subpoena in some cases the DA can then ask for a Bench Warrant to issue. The wittness could then be arrested and asked questions while in custody. The potential witness is served a subpoena and is legally obligated to appear at the time stated or be charged with contempt of court. In which case a warrant will be issued for the person's arrest and after the person is taken into custody he or she will still be brought into court to testify. The prosecutor can request the court to deem the person a hostile witness and the judge can order the individual to answer questions put to them or face further contempt and obstruction charges.
no
Legal processing is an ongoing proceeding in a civil lawsuit. The "serving of this process usually comes in the form of a subpoena or warrant issued by the court.
Private citizens cannot apply for a "WARRANT" to be issued. That is a procedure that only law enforcement or the courts can use. However if you initiate a civil case against, or involving, someone you can use the power of "SUBPOENA" to summon them to court.
The answer depends on the the jurisdiction - and of course, the judge. Usually you must show the judge sufficient proof that the work email contains critical information relevant to your divorce. Although it is not the same as a search warrant, if you think in terms of what is required for a search warrant, you won't be that far off from what would be expected if you wanted to subpoena a spouse's work email. It may be simpler to approach the employer who actually owns the work email (in most jurisdictions employers own the email, not the employee).
Subpoena is a noun (a subpoena) and a verb (to subpoena).