Activities of the cholinergic system are divided into two main categories: muscarinic and nicotinic. Both actions involve modulation of pain perception. Anything which increases the presence of Acetylcholine in the synaptic space is found to produce analgesia.
Neostigmine and donepezil being cholinesterase inhibitors are used in pain relief because of increasing acetylcholine in synapses through this action. Benzodiazepines act as analgesics through their action of enhancing Ach release.
Acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft to bind with receptors on muscle cells. Upon binding, the muscle cells contract.
Acetylcholine is also the principal neurotransmitter in all autonomic ganglia. In alternative fashion, acetylcholine can activate non-specific cation the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine nicotinic a highly polar, charged ammonium group, acetylcholine does not penetrate lipid membranes.
acetylcholine
Nor-adrenaline is secreted at post ganglionic sympathetic synapses. There is re-uptake of Nor-adrenaline by nerve ending and only partially destroyed there by the enzyme C.O.M.T. There is no enzyme like acetylcholinesterase present there as in post ganglionic parasympathetic synapse to destroy the acetylcholine.
acetylcholine
Glutamic acid (glutamate) is probably the most abundant excitatory transmitter. Others can be excitatory, such as acetylcholine, and some peptides. Aspartate is also excitatory. Finally, serotonin is often found to be exctitatory.
acetylcholine
Parasympathetic system has acetylcholine as its chemical mediator.
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.
The chemical neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine attaches to what is known as a muscarinic receptor. This brings the body back to "rest and digest", and relaxes it from the "fight or flight" response.