Are Amoxil and Cefalexin the same?

Answer 1

Not exactly. Augmentin contains Amoxicillin and another drug, clavulonic acid. The latter augments the antimicrobial spectrum of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is a penicillin-like drug effective against certain types of bacteria, unless those baceria possess the enzyme that can inactivate these types of antibiotics. This enzyme is called beta-lactamase. Some bacteria have the ability to make beta-lactamase and some do not; some bacteria can develop the ability to make beta-lactamase if exposed to penecillin-like drugs over a period of time (one way bacterial develop resistance to antibiotics). Clavulonic acid blocks beta-lactamase, allowing the amoxicillin to work on bacteria whether or not they possess beta-lactamase.

Answer 2

YES ...

Amoxicillin (amoxycillin)Amoxicillin (aka amoxycillin)

[one tablet 6 cents; 1 vial for IV injection $2.17]

ADMINISTRATION ROUTES:

• IV, PO, NG

ALTERNATIVE NAMES:

• Apo-Amoxi , Ospamox, Ranbaxy-Amoxi, Ibiamox

ICU INDICATIONS:

1. treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms
2. empirical treatment to cover enterococcus

PRESENTATION AND ADMINISTRATION:

• IV:

  1g vial (powder). Dilute to total of 5ml if part dose is required (making concentration of 200mg/ml). Inject slowly over 3-4 minutes or in 100ml of compatible fluid over 30-60 minutes.

  Compatible for 6 hours with normal saline, 3 hours with Hartmanns, 1 hour with D5W and glucose and sodium. (note that amoxicillin is less stable in solutions that contain glucose so it is preferable to avoid these solutions).

  Store at room temperature

• PO / NG:

  Apo-Amoxi 250mg tablets & 500mg tablets (red/gold, marked APO and strength), Ospamox capsules 500mg capules (yellow), Ospamox suspension (125mg/5ml and 250mg/ml), Ranbaxy-Amoxi (125mg/5ml and 250mg/5ml), Amoxil paediatric drops (125mg/1.25ml), Ospamox paediatric drops (100mg/ml). administration.

• DOSAGE:

  IV:

  1-2gm IV Q6hrly

  PO:

  500mg-1gm Q8hrly

  Liquid is preferred for NG

DOSAGE IN RENAL FAILURE AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY:

• Dose in renal impairment [GFR (ml/min)]

  <10: 500mg every 8 hours

  10-20: dose as in normal renal function

  >20-50: dose as in normal renal function

• Dose in renal replacement therapy

  CAPD: 500mg every 8 hours

  HD: 500mg every 8 hours

  CVVHDF: dose as in normal renal function

DOSAGE IN PAEDIATRICS:

• IV:

  Severe infections:

  1st week of life 50mg/kg 12hrly; otherwise 50mg/kg 6hrly

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:

• Amoxicillin is bactericidal against susceptible organisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide.
• Amoxicillin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms:

  Aerobic Gram-Positive Microorganisms:

  Enterococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus spp*. (beta-lactamase-negative strains only). Streptococcuspneumoniae.

  *Staphylococci which are susceptible to amoxicillin but resistant to methicillin/oxacillin should be considered as resistant to amoxicillin.

  Aerobic Gram-Negative Microorganisms:

  Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase-negative strains only). Haemophilus influenzae(beta-lactamase-negative strains only). Neisseriagonorrhoeae (beta-lactamase-negative strains only). Proteus mirabilis (beta-lactamase-negative strains only).

• Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids, with the exception of brain and spinal fluid, except when meninges are inflamed.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

1. A history of allergic reaction to any of the penicillins is a contraindication.

WARNINGS

• Anaphylaxis:

  Penicillins are a common cause of anaphylactic reactions

• Pseudomembranous colitis:

  Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including amoxicillin, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhoea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents.

PRECAUTIONS

• General:

  Prescribing Amoxicillin in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug resistant bacteria.

• Laboratory Tests:

  No tests in addition to routine ICU tests are required.

• Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions:

  None noted.

IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS FOR THE ICU

• None of significance

ADVERSE REACTIONS

• Body as a Whole:

  Serum sickness like reactions, Anaphylaxis

• Digestive System:

  Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic/pseudomembranous colitis. Hepatic dysfunction including cholestatic jaundice, hepatic cholestasis and acute cytolytic hepatitis have been reported.

• Nervous System:

  Reversible hyperactivity, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, convulsions, behavioral changes, and/or dizziness have been reported rarely.

• Skin:

  Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, exfoliative dermatitus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, hypersensitivity vasculitis and urticaria have been reported

• Haematological System:

  Anaemia, including hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukopaenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported during therapy with penicillins.

Answer 3

No. Doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics, while amoxicillin is one of the penicillin antibiotics.

Answer 4

Eryphromycin the same as amoxicillin

Answer 5

Check

Answer 6

No

Answer 7

Amoxicillin