The solid carbon compounds are mostly molecular solids.
Covalent bonding can occur in solids, such as in diamond where each carbon atom forms covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms. However, in some solids, like metals and ionic compounds, the bonding is mainly metallic or ionic, respectively, due to the different types of interactions between atoms.
Covalent compounds can be solids, liquids or gases.
C forms a covalent network solid in the form of diamond. CO2 forms a molecular solid due to the presence of covalent bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms. Li and O2 do not typically form covalent network solids; Li usually forms metallic solids and O2 forms a molecular solid.
Organic compounds typically contain covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. In terms of solids, organic compounds can form molecular solids, where molecules are held together by intermolecular forces such as Van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding.
Hard crystals are typically formed by ionic compounds, covalent network solids, or metallic solids. Ionic compounds, like sodium chloride, consist of positively and negatively charged ions arranged in a regular lattice structure. Covalent network solids, such as diamond and quartz, feature atoms connected by strong covalent bonds throughout the entire structure. Metallic solids consist of metal cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, which contribute to their hardness and strength.
Covalent compounds, molecular solids, and metallic solids typically have lower melting points than ionic solids. Covalent compounds consist of molecules held together by weaker van der Waals forces, while molecular solids are composed of discrete molecules that interact through intermolecular forces. Metallic solids, while having variable melting points, often do not reach the high melting points characteristic of ionic solids due to their bonding nature.
It can be categorised into -Ionic -Covalent molecular -Metallic -Covalent network
Covalent.. A+
Not usually no. However, covalently bonded polymers will often have crystalline domains - these are called spherulites. So the polymer is rarely perfectly amorphous. PET is one such polymer. see related link for more information.
Covalent solids typically have lower melting points than ionic solids because the intermolecular forces holding covalent compounds together are weaker than the ionic bonds in ionic solids. Molecular substances, like water and carbon dioxide, also have lower melting points than ionic solids due to the weaker forces between individual molecules.
Carbon dioxide
Most of the organic compounds are solids, combustible, non polar and insoluble in water.