Earth, as in we live on the planet Earth, is supposed to be capitalized. Earth, as in the dirt we walk on, is not supposed to be capitalized.
No it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, Siamese would be capitalized.
No.
It should only be capitalized if it forms part of a title.
No it does not have to be capitalised.
No. It's not necessary.
Usually, yes a phase of the moon is supposed to be capitalized.
No, it shouldn't be capitalized.
No it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, America should be capitalized.
no
Yes, "Pterodactyl" is supposed to be capitalized as it is a proper noun referring to a specific genus of pterosaur.
No, but the names of individual languages are capitalized.
Yes, Siamese would be capitalized.
Yes.
Yes.
No.