Yes.
Magnetic fields exist around magnets, electric currents, and moving charged particles. They surround a magnet in three dimensions forming a magnetic field pattern with north and south poles.
The electrons, are the negatively charged particles that are part of an atom. They hang out in what is called an electron cloud around the nucleus of the atom. We might further say that those electrons exist in what we term electron shells, and within energy levels within those shells.
There are estimated to be around 1080 particles in the universe.
By "charged" I'm guessing you mean plus or minus an electron. Your question is almost impossible to answer. No, there isn't a fundamental reason for them to exist, but they do, and need to exist. Charged particles are a very very basic law of physics. If particles coudln't become charged, you would have to change almost every law of physics. Our universe would be a very different place. By very different, I mean there would be no galaxies, or stars, or planets, or suns.
Plasma consists of charged particles like electrons and positively charged ions, which are not typically present in elements in other states. These charged particles are able to move freely and are responsible for the unique properties of plasma, such as conducting electricity and responding to magnetic fields.
The answer is Valance Electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles which exist in atoms. See link for more detail.
Particles are smaller
An atom is the basic material of any matter. In an atom the electrons (negatively charged particles) revolve around the main dense nucleus in fixed orbits called shells like planets revolve around the sun. The central nucleus makes the most of mass of the atom as it contains the protons(+ve charged particles) and neutrons(neutrally charged particles).
Charge can exist without mass in the form of electric fields and electromagnetic radiation. For instance, photons, which are massless particles, carry electromagnetic energy and can possess electric and magnetic fields. However, charged particles like electrons and protons do have mass. In summary, while charge itself can manifest in massless forms, charged particles inherently possess mass.
Ions are charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. They can exist as positively charged cations (lost electrons) or negatively charged anions (gained electrons). Ions play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and physiological processes.
Within an atom, the electron is the negatively charged particle. Electrons exist outside the atom's nucleus in different energy levels. Electrons are extremely small, with a mass equal to about 1/2000 that of protons and neutrons.
Dust particles typically exist in the solid phase, as they are made up of solid particles that can be suspended in the air.