No. Most filesystems on Linux do not have encryption builtin, though you can have an ecryptfs-formatted partition on certain distributions that offer to encrypt your home folder.
Most other filesystems while unencrypted, can rely on using LUKS as an encryption layer.
Quite simply, because Windows hasn't been programmed to recognise ext-type filesystems. Out of the box, Windows won't be able to identify ext3 and ext2 filesystems, and will probably consider them corrupted. Fortunately, you can install a driver for ext2 and ext3 filesystems into most versions of Windows. It's called ext2 IFS, and is linked below. With this driver installed, you can mount most ext-type partitions as ext2. (NOTE: ext3 is technically not supported. This means that using ext2 IFS will disable journaling, as that's the main difference between ext2 and ext3)
If you mean full Hard disk encryption, right down to the FAT Table, then I would recommend using a third party program that supports such functions such as "Truecrypt". NTFS for example supports file encryption and windows has "Bitlocker" which supports a type of drive encryption and file container encryption. There are also hardware based methods which allows for OS transparent hard drive encryption that would prevent the drive from being read in another system without the hardware key. File system is USUALLY not important. Since encryption at a hardware level bypasses the OS and is transparent to it.
That will depend on which type of encryption you wish to use, there are many different types depending on the level of security desired.
A: Symmetric
Really depends on the file type. Most linux applications can save to a format that is used by their windows/mac counterpart. Either that or they use a file type that is ubiquitous and compatible for all file systems. Where you might have trouble is accessing off of a ext2/3/4 partition. For this you can install the ext2fsd or ext2ifs (at least on windows) to access files that are stored on your 'linux' partitions.
The df utility displays a list of the directory hierarchies available on the file system. NFS is the file system type.
That type of BK is available to corporations wanting to dissolve.
Most businesses will choose IT-administered stored data protection, based on file/folder encryption, full-disk encryption or some combination thereof. File/folder encryption is also selective, but encrypts files automatically, based on defined attributes like file location (e.g., folder), file type (e.g., spreadsheets) or source application (e.g., everything Excel touches). For general purpose computers, the other popular approach is to simply encrypt everything stored on a physical disk or a logical volume. The goal is to ensure that nothing is ever written to storage without being encrypted. That includes not only sensitive user data, but also application and operating system files.
Line passwords are encrypted with type 7 encryption.
Encryption software is a type of software that encrypts and decrypts data. This software is usually applied to to files on hard drives or removeable media.
exFAT is not a file type. It is a file system of the FAT family. FAT comes from file allocation table and originated with the early FAT12 file system used on floppies, then to FAT16, and with WIndows 98 OSR2 added the FAT32 file system. The extended FAT file system, called exFAT for short is the latest and was made available for the desktop with Vista SP1 in 2008.
A type of HTTPS encryption called a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).