No. There are two types of charger to give the engine more air than it would be able to suck in naturally; a Supercharger and a Turbocharger.
The supercharger is an electrically (usually) driven fan that compresses the air. A turbocharger does the same job, but it is driven by the flow of exhaust gases through a small turbine. Thus the turbocharger has a small lag time, for it depends upon engine speed for its performance. Whereas a supercharger is independent of the engine operation.
Of course, many motors manage quite well without either accessory.
No, a turbocharger must be appropriately sized for the engine.
Yes, this was done on diesel engines for a while.
With some custom fabrication I have read of a GM 3.4L engine with a turbocharger.
You can fit a turbocharger to almost any internal combustion engine if you have the expertise and the equipment. If it makes sense to do so is an entirely different question.
A turbocharger is driven by the energy in the exhaust gasses from the engine.
A turbocharger is driven by the exhaust from the engine. A supercharger is belt driven off the engine.
An engine equipped with a turbocharger.
You should never run any engine with a faulty turbocharger. The oil in the turbocharger can catch on fire. You will need to either fix the turbocharger or remove it.
A turbocharger is usually found in race cars and automobiles that have a diesel engine. The point of a turbocharger is to give said automobile a significant amount of extra power to the engine's horsepower.
dont use it
Yes, the engine oil is shared with the turbocharger for both lubrication and cooling.
One definition of an engine blower is a supercharger or turbocharger