The 'o' in "frog" is pronounced as a short vowel(frahg not froag).
Long
The sound may be a short O, but is usually a caret O, with an AW sound (frawg).
A short vowel
"lap" contains a short vowel sound. The 'a' is pronounced as a quick, clipped sound.
Loser long or short vowel
The short vowel in the word "which" is the letter i.
Yes, "brush" has a short vowel sound as the "u" is pronounced as /ʌ/.
The word "finish" has a short vowel sound for both "i" and "a."
Yes, "pal" is a short vowel word because the vowel "a" is pronounced as /æ/, which is a short vowel sound.
The word "ruby" has a long vowel sound for the letter "u" which is pronounced "oo" like in "blue" or "true".
It depends on the specific word you are referring to. Long vowels are pronounced with a steady vocal sound and are usually the same as the letter form (e.g., "cake," "spoon"). Short vowels are pronounced with a quick, clipped sound (e.g., "cat," "hop").