In the US, income is taxed directly as an income tax. It is, however, also taxed indirectly in the form of sales taxes and personal property taxes; a person who has more income is likely to also spend more money buying things (and therefore pay more sales tax) and own more and higher value personal property (and therefore pay more personal property tax).
Yes, the income you receive will be taxed as ordinary income.
Not taxed again on the after income tax money that you have saved but you are taxed on the earnings from the after income tax saved money.
The amount that a business's income is taxed depends on which of the eight tax brackets they are in which are based on overall profit. They can be taxed from 15% to 35%.
Yes, PTO (paid time off) is typically taxed as income when it is paid out to employees.
The percentage of an income that is taxed will stay the same when income rises until that income reaches a certain point set by the government. A higher tax bracket may mean a higher portion of the income will be taxed.
Vacation pay is generally taxed as regular income by the government. When you receive vacation pay, it is added to your total income for the year and taxed accordingly.
PTO, or paid time off, is typically taxed as regular income when it is used. This means that the amount of PTO taken is added to your total income for the year and taxed at your regular income tax rate.
Loans are not taxed as income because they are considered borrowed money that must be repaid, not earnings or profits.
The child's income is essentially considered the income of the parent...so it is taxed at their rate, and presumably they have enough income to be taxed.
Yes, it is income and all income is taxed.
No, PTO (paid time off) is not taxed at a higher rate compared to regular income. Both are typically taxed at the same rate based on your total income.
Dividends, cash or otherwise, are taxed as ordinary income.