It actually depends on the level. Congress, Senate, presidency, Secretary of States, and alike: yes, it is against the law.
Mayor, city council, etc: no, it's not against the law.
However, if you cannot relinquish your other citizenship (e.g. Greece does not let its citizens to apply for renunciation of Greek citizenship), it is okay.
May a person inherit the benefits of holding public office from an ancestor and what article of US Constitution?
There is a few positions a public office in the executive branch has to fill. Some of the positions that have to be filled are administration and enforcement of the constitution.
A religious test.
Religious tests are forbidden under the constitution.
It really depends on the constitution. Many modern developed nations do not but you may find them in older and less developed nations' constitutions.
Fourteenth
Misfeasance or malfeasance
Yes. Impeachment does not mean to be removed from office, it means to have charges brought against the elected official.
what public office management
the Public Affair office
Citizenship is the status of being a member of a particular country with accompanying rights and duties. It entitles individuals to participate in the political and social life of their country, including voting and holding public office.
segregation in public schools was against the constitution