yes
The correct form is two weeks' vacation (a vacation of two weeks).
The nouns in the sentence "my mother's business partner is on a two-week vacation" are "mother," "business," "partner," and "vacation." Each of these words represents a person, place, or thing. "Two-week" functions as an adjective describing "vacation," but "week" itself is also a noun.
The nouns in the sentence are:mother's (possessive form, modifies 'business')business (subject of the sentence)two (attributive, modifies 'week')week (attributive, modifies 'vacation')vacation (object of the preposition 'on')
The verb is "are", a form of the verb to be.
Where does Emine go for a two-week vacation?
He was to stay with his Mississippi relatives on his two-week summer vacation.
The nouns in the sentence are:mother's, a possessive noun (the partner of my mother);business, an attributive noun; a noun used as an adjective to describe the noun 'partner';partner, the subject of the sentence;vacation, the object of the preposition 'on'.Note: The word 'week' is a noun but it is part of the compound, complex adjective 'two-week' used to describe the noun 'vacation'.
an annual two week paid vacation for employees
To save money you stayed at hostels during your two month vacation in Europe.
Yes, "similar to" is grammatically correct and commonly used to show a comparison between two things that are alike. For example: "This dress is similar to the one she wore last week."
Till was visiting his Mississippi relatives on his two-week summer vacation.
whether to spend your two-week vacation on the shore or in town