Catholic Answer
Heresy in the Catholic Church means something very particular, as the Catechism says, It "is the obstinate post-baptismal denial of some truth which must be believed with divine and catholic faith, or it is likewise an obstinate doubt concerning the same..."
Thus, the normal or common use of CE instead of AD may just reflect an ignorance of the meaning of these terms of the heretical outlook of the culture in which one lives, just the use of CE to refer to the common era in nowise, of itself, would have anything to do with heresy. It, however, may reflect an heretical belief if the one using the term used to be a believing Christian and is using that term to show that they no longer believe. It, in and of itself, would not be heretical, but in the later case, it might indicate an heretical outlook of the one using it. More probably it signifies nothing worse than culpable ignorance.
from The Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994
2089 Incredulity is the neglect of revealed truth or the willful refusal to assent to it. “Heresy is the obstinate post-baptismal denial of some truth which must be believed with divine and catholic faith, or it is likewise an obstinate doubt concerning the same; apostasy is the total repudiation of the Christian faith; schism is the refusal of submission to the Roman Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him.†(Codex Iuris Canonici, canon 751: emphasis added.)
from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
Heresy. Commonly refers to a doctrinal belief held in opposition to the recognized standards of an establish system of thought. Theologically it means an opinion at variance with the authorized teachings of any church, notably the Christian, and especially when this promotes separation from the main body of faithful believers.
In the ...Catholic Church, heresy has a very specific meaning. Anyone who, after receiving baptism, while remaining nominally a Christian, pertinaciously denies or doubts any of the truths that must be believed with divine and Catholic faith is considered a heretic. Accordingly four elements must be verified to constitute formal heresy; previous valid baptism, which need not have been in the Catholic Church; external profession of still being a Christian, otherwise a person becomes an apostate; outright denial or positive doubt regarding a truth that the Catholic Church has actually proposed as revealed by God; and the disbelief must be morally culpable, where a nominal Christian refuses to accept what he knows is a doctrinal imperative.
Objectively, therefore, to become a heretic in the strict canonical sense and be excommunicated from the faithful, one must deny or question a truth that is taught not merely on the authority of the Church but on the word of God revealed in the Scriptures or sacred tradition. Subjectively a person must recognize his obligation to believe. If he acts in good faith, as with most persons brought up in non-Catholic surroundings, the heresy is only material and implies neither guilt nor sin against faith. (Etym. Latin haeresis, from the Greek hairesis, a taking, choice, sect, heresy.)
activities having to do with cooking or experimenting. Any activity that is deemed heretical, or unorthodox by an particular religion is described as a heretical activity. For instance, Refusing to hold confession with a Catholic priest is technically a heretical action from a Catholic's point of view
Iglesia is Spanish for church. It can mean a particular building or it can refer, as it does in English, to the universal Catholic (capital C) Church.
Catholic AnswerIt depends on whom you are talking to. The Church has many names for various reasons, the Creed refers to her as "One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic". Nowhere does the Church refer to herself as "Roman" that is an appellation that has been attached since the protestant revolt. The Church has been called "Catholic" which means "universal" almost from the beginning. Holy Catholic Church is appropriate for most things.
First of all, there is no "Roman Catholic Church", that is a slur, in English, from after the protestant revolt, to refer to the Catholic Church. Secondly, Thomas Cromwell was tried by Henry VIII on charges of heresy and treason, and executed by King Henry VIII, himself a heretic, and an apostate from the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church had nothing to do with Thomas Cromwell.
I don't know to which ritual you refer, but the rituals of the Catholic Church are not considered sinful by Catholics.
There are only two sacraments of service in the Catholic Church. Modern catechists commonly refer to Holy Orders and Matrimony as sacraments of service, although please note that this term is not used in the Catechism, instead the Catechism refers to these as sacraments directed toward the salvation of others.
Ah, not sure what you are asking here. The "Roman" Church usually is the Anglican way of referring to the Catholic Church as the Pope, who is Christ's Vicar on earth, and thus head of the Catholic Church, is the Bishop of Rome. Thus if you are using "Roman Church" in that way, it is the same thing as the Catholic Church. If you are not using Roman to refer to the Catholic Church, then you will have to reword you question as I have no idea what you're talking about.
1066, when the French invaded England they discovered archaeological remains from Egypt - the first Catholic churches. Because the Egyptians did not refer to their religion as "Catholocism", technically 1066 was the year Catholic Church was discovered.
That would depend entirely on the context, in other words, how the phrase "Church of Rome" was being used. In Catholic terminology, Church of Rome would refer to the diocese of Rome, which is headed by the Pope as its Bishop. His cathedral church is St. John Lateran. Church of Rome is also a slur used by English speaking people, especially Anglicans to refer to the Catholic Church.
None. The Catholic church is a Christian church. It is correct to call the Catholic Church a Christian church, because all churches that call Christ their deity are in fact Christian. However, not all Christians are Catholic, though all Catholics are Christian. There are many Christian sects that many people refer to as "Christian" when the proper term would be "Protestant." Catholics and Protestants are Christian. Therefore, while Lutherans, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, etc, are correctly identified as Christian, they are not Catholic.
Yes. It is normally capitalized. However, "Roman" is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the Catholic Church, except sometimes to refer to the Latin Rite, but never with "Catholic".
It refers to the Catholic church's reaction to reverse (or counter) the Protestant Reformation.