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Is it true Amino acids can enter the energy pathways at pyruvate acetyl CoA and the TCA cycle.?
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What are the five amino acid families in amino acid biosynthesis?
serine -pyruvate alanine Glutamine Proline
What is acethyl CoA?
What is Coenzyme A?Photosynthetic plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Using their photosynthetic products (ATP, NAD(P)H, and carbon skeleton), plants have unique ability to assimilate soil and atmospheric elements into compounds usable by human and animals. Photosynthesis provides carbon precursors and cofactors for many of the essential plant biosynthetic pathways, of which coenzyme A (CoA) is one of their products.Function of Coenzyme A in PlantsCoenzyme A is a cofactor for 4% of the enzymes in plants. Coenzyme-a is converted into acyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), mainly acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), upon reaction with carbohydrate catabolites. Acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA) is a key substrate in important metabolisms such as citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), fatty acid, some amino acids, flavonoid, wax, isoprenoid, lignin synthesis and storage lipid degradation. These biochemical pathways generate intermediate metabolites that play a role in the adaptation of the plant to changing environmental conditions, defense against pests, nutritional value, pigment and structural component synthesis. Acetyl-coenzyme-a (CoA) also mediates synthesis of secondary metabolites (natural products) of pharmaceutical and industrial significance.
What organelle builds amino acids?
organells's are not directly responisble for amino acid synthesis. production of amino acids occur in the cytosol, but only when the organism criticly needs them!! Amino acids are primarily obtained by the breakdown of proteins and not produced from scratch. This is because it requires far too much energy in the reaction pathways for the sythesis of the amino acid, as well as the special enzymes that are needed to catylise these processes. the genes that code for the production of these enzymes are very rarely used.
How are amino acids relate to gluconeogenesis?
The amino acids are used as raw material in the formation of glucose the energy compound of the body
How does ketones accumulate in the blood?
When Insulin level is decreased the pathways such as glycolysis, Glucogenolysis, fatty acid synthesis decreases as a result glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis, fatty acid lysis, acetyl coA is diverted to form ketone bodies , ketogenic amino acids stored as proteins will form ketones by this ketone bodies increases in blood .. this happens even in high starvation, in DM also.
Where can Amino acids enter the metabolic pathways?
My test says citric acid cycle, acetyl coA and pyruvate
What are the five amino acid families in amino acid biosynthesis?
serine -pyruvate alanine Glutamine Proline
What happen to pyruvic acid molecule in the mitochondrial matrix?
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is an organic acid. It is also a ketone, as well as being the simplest alpha-keto acid. The carboxylate (COOH) ion (anion) of pyruvic acid, CH3COCOO-, is known as pyruvate, and is a key intersection in several metabolic pathways. It can be made from glucose through glycolysis, supplies energy to living cells in the citric acid cycle, and can also be converted to carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine and to ethanol.
Main role of deamination in nephron is?
deamination, the removal of the amino group from an amino acid. This is often accomplished by transamination. The amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an -keto acid acceptor. The organic acid resulting from deamination can be converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or a TCA cycle intermediate and eventually oxidized in the TCA cycle to release energy. It also can be used as a source of carbon for the synthesis of cell constituents. Excess nitrogen from deamination may be excreted as ammonium ion, thus making the medium alkaline.
Why can't fatty acids be converted directly to glucose?
Oh my god, this has confused me for months and I finally think I get it, so I hope I can explain it decently. When fatty acids are oxidized, the acetyl-CoA can enter the Krebs cycle, and one would think that the oxaloacetate generated by the Krebs cycle could be converted to acetyl-CoA, which could then be converted to pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. This can't happen, though, because even though oxaloacetate is made, there is no net increase in oxaloacetate (two carbons are lost in the Krebs cycle for every two in the acetyl-CoA coming in). Oxaloacetate can't be taken out of the cycle, then, because then the cycle would be depleted and the only way to replenish it is through one of the anapleoritic reactions, which involve products of glycolysis (PEP and pyruvate). If there is enough PEP or pyruvate around to replenish the oxaloacetate you're taking out to make glucose, chances are you don't need to make glucose in the first place. Pyruvate from glucose or amino acids can be used to make sugars before it is converted to acetyl-CoA, but the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is irreversible, so once pyruvate is made into acetyl-CoA it cannot be used to make glucose; it is committed to either fatty acid synthesis or the Krebs cycle. Plants can make glucose from fatty acids, but this is only because they are able to use the glyoxlyate cycle instead of the Krebs cycle. The glyoxylate cycle bypasses the step in the Krebs cycle (the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase step) in which the two carbons are lost as CO2, so when plant acetyl-CoA enters the glyoxylate cycle there IS a net increase in oxaloacetate which can be used to make pyruvate.
What is the process that changes the startch back into sugar?
You may be referring to the citric acid cycle is a central pathway for recovering energy from the three major metobolic fuels: Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. These fuels are broken down to yield acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle by condensing with the C4 compound oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in which 2 CO2 are released from every acetyl-CoA that enters the cycle, so that oxaloacetate is always reformed. Hence, the cyclical series of reactions acts catalytically to process acetyl-CoA continuously. There is also a specific process called gluconeogenesis, which is the process by which pyruvate and related metabolits can be converted to glucose. It follows a pathway that is the reverse of glycolysis (breaking down of glucose) except where it bypasses the exergonic steps catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase.
How are the pathways of glycloysis and gluconeogenesis two sides of the same coin?
Glyoclysis (sugar break down) is a catabolic pathway of glucose where it is destined to provide energy or converted to other substance like glycogen or lipids. Gluconeogenesis on the other hand, is an anabolic process where glucose is produced from its non carbohydrate sources such as glucogenic amino acids, pyruvate,lactate,glycerol. The basis for both is "Glucose" (degradation or synthesis)
What is acethyl CoA?
What is Coenzyme A?Photosynthetic plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Using their photosynthetic products (ATP, NAD(P)H, and carbon skeleton), plants have unique ability to assimilate soil and atmospheric elements into compounds usable by human and animals. Photosynthesis provides carbon precursors and cofactors for many of the essential plant biosynthetic pathways, of which coenzyme A (CoA) is one of their products.Function of Coenzyme A in PlantsCoenzyme A is a cofactor for 4% of the enzymes in plants. Coenzyme-a is converted into acyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), mainly acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), upon reaction with carbohydrate catabolites. Acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA) is a key substrate in important metabolisms such as citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), fatty acid, some amino acids, flavonoid, wax, isoprenoid, lignin synthesis and storage lipid degradation. These biochemical pathways generate intermediate metabolites that play a role in the adaptation of the plant to changing environmental conditions, defense against pests, nutritional value, pigment and structural component synthesis. Acetyl-coenzyme-a (CoA) also mediates synthesis of secondary metabolites (natural products) of pharmaceutical and industrial significance.
What is Pyruvic Acid?
Pyruvate or Pyruvic acid is the end product of the anaerobic portion of glycolysis. If the cell has enough oxygen to run aerobic respiration then pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide byt eh enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. If there isn't enough oxygen in the cell, then pyruvate is converted to lactic acid in order to free up some of the required reactants(NAD+). This allows anaerobic glycolysis to continue.an ester or salt of pyruvic acid.Pyruvate is an organic acid, which can be formed from glucose through glycolysis, can form lactic acid, provides energy for cells in the citric acid cycle, and can be converted to fatty acids or carbohydrates.
What does chitin have in the glucose backbone?
In chitin's glucose backbone, each glucose molecule is attached to an amino group, turning each glucose molecule into glucosamine, and an acetyl group, turning each monomer into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
What organelle builds amino acids?
organells's are not directly responisble for amino acid synthesis. production of amino acids occur in the cytosol, but only when the organism criticly needs them!! Amino acids are primarily obtained by the breakdown of proteins and not produced from scratch. This is because it requires far too much energy in the reaction pathways for the sythesis of the amino acid, as well as the special enzymes that are needed to catylise these processes. the genes that code for the production of these enzymes are very rarely used.
Does the body turn carbohydrate into fat?
Because your body has to store these fats for later. Like if you started to starvi these is what your body would eat off of. And storing the excess chemicals energy aslo saves energy to your body so you can should it when the body thinks it needs energy because your body ia always moving so there for you always need energy stored in the body
