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The emperor chose the patriarch of Constantinople, leading the Church official in the Byzantine Empire.The emperor became an autocrat and the head of the church as well as the state.
The Capital of the Byzantine Empire was originally called Byzantium before being renamed as Constantinople (which was its name during its control by the Byzantine Empire) and renamed by Ottomans as Istanbul afterwards. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine empire
Constantinople became the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. This made it important in the affairs of the Orthodox Church. Then, starting from Justinian I, Byzantine emperors became the effective heads of the Church. They managed its administration by presiding over the Ecumenical Councils. They exercised control over the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Patriarch of Constantinople could not hold office if he did not have their approval.
The siege and capture of the city by sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, in 1453. That also meant the end of the Byzantine Empire itself.
The Byzantine Empire was an Empire, with one Roman (Byzantine) Emperor heading it. The Emperor had full control of the Church, and assigned governors to multiple administrative divisions called themas, or Themes. Unlike the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church was controlled by the Byzantine emperor. A patriarch would be in Constantinople as the main religious leader over all the bishops and priests. The Empire had suffered many different Civil Wars, and changing hands of dynasties, and even was separated into multiple states at one point with the sacking of Constantinople by Venetian Republic's crusaders, with the three major states at that time being the Despotate of Epirus, Empire of Trebizond, and the Empire of Nicaea. The Empire of Nicaea eventually defeated the Latin Empire left behind by the Venetians in Constantinople, and they retook the City, becoming the new Byzantine Empire.
The Church had a massive influence on the leadership and control of The Byzantine Empire, as the Clergy were highly respected by all, and were given freedom and someone part of the government, a good example being the Ecumenical Patriarch.
Greek and Latin were the most commonly used languages in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire. Later on, as the Ottoman Empire took control, Turkish became the predominant language spoken in the city.
It was able to control key trade routes between Europe and Asia.
Constantine was the First Roman Emperor who Embraced Christianity after He had a Vision that Said, "under this sign Conquer". The Sign was of the Fish, used by undercover Christians who feared Roman Persecution. Constantine mandated Christianity for his Soldiers, then made it the Official Religion of Rome. He founded Constantinople, the "City of Constantine", on the European North Shore of the Straights of the Bosphorus, to be Capital City of the Eastern Division of the Roman Empire. The Eastern Division later became the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Empire ruled from Constantinople by the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Christian Church. The Patriarch was both Emperor of Byzantium, and Leader of the Orthodox Church. This sets the Division lasting until today between Orthodox Russia and Eastern Europe, and the Catholic / Protestant Countries of Western Europe.
Control of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire did not occur until 1453. Before that time, Constantinople was controlled by the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire) of Europe. Constantinople rose to prominence in the 6th century A.D. and thereafter, after becoming the seat of the Roman Empire (ever since the fall of Rome in 476 A.D.