Yes. The A has a short A sound as in bad and had.
Yes. The A has a short A sound as in bad and sad.
Yes. The A has a short A sound as in mad and can.
Irascibl and short-fused are two.
I guess you mean "made"? When you add an e to "mad", it becomes "made". The e makes the a long instead of short (to sound like "ate" instead of "at"). When the e is added, "mad" becomes a completely different word. In short: "Mad" and "Made" are two different words.
The A has a short A sound as in mad and pan.
Yes. The A has a short A sound as in mad and drag.
The A in mad has a short A sound.
The A in mad has a short A sound.
Yes. It has the short A as in mat and cap. It is slightly different from the short A heard in mad, mass and magazine.
Wazimu is the Kikuyu word for the English word mad.
Another word to be mad with , could be Mad with.
If you mean the American word "mad", it's zo'em (זועם) If you mean the British word "mad", it's meshuga (משוגע)