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Q: Is molten lead solidifying exothermic or endothermic?
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Why is bond breaking an endothermic process and bond formation is an exothermic process?

the answer is pretty much the same as why freezing is an exothermic reaction-- because the release of energy is occurring as bonds are forming. to form bonds, energy must be inputted or it won't happen naturally. this might lead one to think that it is endothermic but it's not. you have to think of it in terms of the energy of the particles forming the bond. the particles that will later form the bonds have higher energy to begin with because they have more entropy. when the bond forms, the particles will give off energy in order to sort of move less. they are being ordered, against nature, therefore have less energy. you can kind of think of it like gas particles coming together to form a liquid. the particles that used to be zooming around are more organized and cannot move as much in all exothermic reactions the reactants will have higher energy than the products.


How can you remove lead from sand?

Put the sand in a dish and heat it above the melting point of lead. The lead will flow to the bottom and separate from the sand. Due to the high density of the lead, the sand will float on the molten lead. When the lead and sand cool, you can separate the two.


Can gold float in a molten vat of lead?

No. Th density of lead is 11.36 g/cm3, the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3. Objects only float in liquids with a density greater than their own.


How can zinc be separated from lead in the condenser?

In the blast furnace a mixed lead/zinc sinter is added and the lead bullion is tapped conventionally from the bottom of the furnace while metallic zinc vapour is distilled off and captured/condensed by a spray of molten lead droplets. A solution of zinc and lead leaving the condenser, when cooled this cool zinc can be floated off, while the lead is recirculated to the collector. Zinc being less dense can be continuously removed from the top layers.


Will there be a reaction if all reactants and possible products are aqueous?

Yes, between reactive chemicals there is likely to be a reaction which will lead to precipitation if all the reactants and possible products are aqueous. The reactants, although aqueous, could fail to react if they are endothermic.