The Earth's moon, whose name is Luna, is indeed the closest of the solar system moons to the Sun.
Mercury is closest to the Sun and it is not close to any moons
The moons distance from Earth varies during its orbit, but is around 363,100 km or 225,620 miles at its closest (Perigee). Although this seems quite far, its only a small distance when compared to the Earth sun distance, which is 147,098,290km or 91,402,600 miles at its closest. So the moons closest distance to the sun will be around 146,735,200km.
Third closest to the Sun is Earth.
Just helping with the question. Does the sun have any moons? Or Does the sun have a moon?
The third planet from the Sun (counting from closest to farthest) is the Earth.
No Venus is a planet, much like our Earth, because it orbits the Sun. A moon is a large body that orbits a planet. Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth, the second planet from the Sun. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
Yes the sun does have moons, and we are on one of them now. A moon is just an object orbiting another and so since we and the other planets are orbiting the sun we are the sun's moons.
Earth's moon orbits the Earth however other planets have moons as well, often several per planet. All planets in our solar system orbit the sun, our closest star.
That would be at the moment of the New Moon closest to perihelion, which happens to be the one closest to New Years day or January 2. The moon is then in between the Earth and sun, while the Earth/Moon system is closest to the sun.
A moon, by definition, is not a planet. The closest planet to our sun is Mercury, followed by Venus and the Earth, then Mars.
Im not sure which moon of Jupiter your are talking about, because Jupiter has 63 moons. But the moons are about 22572172.8 miles from the sun.