Florida is closer to the equator than southern Argentina or any part of Spain is, although it's closer to southern Spain than it is to Argentina. But northern Argentina is closer to the equator than either Florida or any part of Spain. Southern Spain is also closer to Florida than it is to Argentina, but no part of any of them is as close to the Equator as Ecuador or Gabon is.
Assuming that YOU were in either of those locations:Northern Argentina is closer to the equator. The latitude of the equator is zero. Latitudes increase as you move farther from the equator, both north and south.The northernmost point in Argentina is near 21.8° south latitude while the southernmost point in Spain is about 36° N near Gibraltar.There are Spanish islands closer to the equator, the Canary Islands, at 27.6° N, but even so northern Argentina is closer to the equator by about 6° of latitude.
Assuming that YOU were in either of those locations:Northern Argentina is closer to the equator. The latitude of the equator is zero. Latitudes increase as you move farther from the equator, both north and south.The northernmost point in Argentina is near 21.8° south latitude while the southernmost point in Spain is about 36° N near Gibraltar.There are Spanish islands closer to the equator, the Canary Islands, at 27.6° N, but even so northern Argentina is closer to the equator by about 6° of latitude.
Mexico and the SW and southern parts of the US (Nevada, Texas, Florida) are closer to northern Argentina than they are to Spain. The rest of the US and Canada are closer to Spain. There are some points in the US where Argentina and Spain are equally distant, one example being southern Colorado south of Denver.
Japan is closer to the equator. Although both countries are centered around 40° north latitude, Japan's southern island of Kyūshū extends to 31° N, and the Ryukyu Islands are even closer, at 24° to 28° north.Spain (except for its overseas territories and possessions) does not extend below 36° N.
Paraguay is closer to the equator, its closest point about 19° south of the equator (about 1300 miles or 2100 km). Spain closest points are at 36° N, a distance of about 2500 miles (4000 km) from the equator.
Central Spain has a latitude of about 40° N, so it is about 2800 miles (4500 km) from the equator, which passes through south central Africa.
Central America is far closer to the equator than any part of Spain. Europe and the Mediterranean Sea are at much more northerly latitudes, 30° to 60° north of the equator. Southern Spain is 36° N, while Central America is at most 22° north.
Although the Japanese have extensively migrated to western South America (Chile and Peru), Japan is much closer to Spain (6700 miles, 10800 km) than to Argentina (11,000 mi or 17,700 km).This is mainly due to the width of the Pacific Ocean, which conversely makes travel to South America more direct. Also, flights from Japan to Spain could use the trans-polar route north of Russia, making it even closer.Japan and Spain are both centered near 40° N latitude, while Argentina is at least 22° south of the equator.
Cabo San Lucas is at 22.88 deg N. At this latitude a degree is about 68.77 miles, so it is 1573.43 miles to the equator
Asia stretches from about 1°N to 81°N latitude, meaning its northernmost point is approximately 81 degrees north of the equator. The equator is at 0° latitude, so the distance from the equator to the northernmost point of Asia (Cape Chelyuskin in Russia) is roughly 9,000 kilometers. The southernmost part of Asia, in Indonesia, is just a few degrees south of the equator, making it very close to 0 km from the equator.
equator latitude:0 n pole:90 n s pole:90 s