Magic Kingdom Park is in the Disney World Resort. However, it has a lot of similarities to the Disneyland Park in the Disneyland Resort (each has a few attractions the other doesn't, but they're the most similar of any pair of Disney parks in the US).
No. The "Magic Kingdom" is at Disney World, not Disneyland
Only one Disney theme park (Disneyland) was completed during Walt Disney's lifetime. Before his death he was heavily involved in the design of Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom.
There are a lot more than four. There's Disneyland Tokyo, DisneySea Tokyo, Disneyland Hong Kong, Disneyland Paris, Disneyland (the original) and Disney's California Adventure in California, and the four parks at Walt Disney World in Florida (The Magic Kingdom, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Disney's Animal Kingdom, and EPCOT). As of Summer 2016, there will also be a Disneyland Singapore.
No, Disneyland is in Anehiem, California. If California is too far for you, try Walt Disney World just outside Orlando, Florida. Walt Disney World has 4 theme parks (Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney-Hollywood Studios, and Animal Kingdom) as opposed to Disneyland's 2 parks (Magic Kingdom and California Adventure.) Choose whatever Disney Park that fits your needs.
So broad and diverse between the names: Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris(formerly called Eurodisney), Tokyo Disneyland, Hong Kong Disneyland There may be more. Disneyland is split into two major theme parks. Disneyland and Disney's California Adventure. Walt Disney World in FL is split into 4 major parks: Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney Studios(sometimes just referred to as Disney MGM or MGM Studios) and Disney's Animal Kingdom.
Magic Kingdom in Disney World, Orlando, Florida Disneyland in Anaheim, California
There is a Disneyland park in California (the original), Paris, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai. There is also Disney World in Florida, which technically isn't a "Disneyland" (the park at Disney World that is most nearly equivalent to Disneyland is called the "Magic Kingdom").
The four parks at Walt Disney World are the Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom. There is also Disneyland & Disney's California Adventure in California; Disneyland Paris & Disney Studios Park in France; Tokyo Disneyland & Tokyo DisneySea in Japan; and Hong Kong Disneyland in, well, Hong Kong.
They are: 1. Disneyland (California) 2. Walt Disney World (Florida) 3. Tokyo Disneyland 4. Hong Kong Disneyland 5. Disneyland Paris Coming up in 2015-2016 : Shanghai, China- Disneyland
Magic Kingdom opened on October 1, 1971. Epcot opened in October 1, 1983. Disney's Studios opened on May 1, 1989, and Disney's Animal Kingdom opened on April 22, 1998.
693 miles by shortest time if by the Magic Kingdom you are referring to Disney World in Florida. Roughly 2016 miles if you are going to Disneyland in Anaheim, CA.
Technically there are 4 Disneyland's Disneyland - The original in Anaheim CA Tokyo Disneyland Disneyland Paris Hong Kong Disneyland At Walt Disney World in Florida it's official name is the "Magic Kingdom" so they are a Disney Theme Park but don't have a "DisneyLAND"