No, we don't observe daylight saving times because we are located almost on the equator and there is hardly any seasonal variation in the times of daylight hours.
Studies have shown that some people suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder, or seasonal depression, often brought on by shortening of the daylight hours. The less light, the higher the risk of feeling depressed, which can affect your daily work ability.
To save the hours of daylight
tropics
except for the equator, every year
Yes, they will lay year round if provided with 14 hours of light. When the seasonal daylight is reduced, just supplement that lack of natural daylight with some artificial light in the roost/chicken coop.
Only above the Arctic and Antarctic Circles experience 24 hours of daylight at any point. Being near the equator, the sun angle and hours of daylight don't change much throughout the year.
There is no single answer to that. Different parts of the northern hemisphere will have different lengths of daylight on the 21st of June. The further north of the equator you go, the more hours of daylight there will be, with there being about 12 hours at the equator and 24 hours at the north pole. So you need to know exactly where in the northern hemisphere you are before the question can be answered.
11 hours
the equator
Time zones were crested to have the local time correspond with the amount of daylight hours there are. The sun sets and the daylight hours fade at different times in different places. With time set up to correspond with this it creates different time zones.
Depends on where you are in Canada and what time of the year it is. You could get to places where there are 24 hours of daylight and six months later there is no daylight at all. So you can find it at any of the times in between at some point in Canada at different times of the year.