The speed of light is constant through any medium, and is also not dependent of the observer's speed.
added. However, the speed of light is not equal at all frequencies, otherwise we wouldn't have refraction.
In the case of camera lenses, the resultant "chromatic aberration" is a major design problem.
The speed of light is constant and does not change based on the material it passes through. However, when light enters a medium such as glass or water, its speed decreases due to interactions with the atoms in the material.
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Its FREQUENCY remains the same. Remember that when sound waves travel from air to water, its frequency remains the same, which is why people do not seem to have higher or lower voices under water. However the amplitude and velocity do change if it is a sound wave.
When a wave refracts as it moves from one medium to another, its wavelength typically changes while its frequency remains constant. The change in wavelength is due to the change in speed of the wave in the new medium, as dictated by Snell's Law. The frequency remains constant because it is a characteristic of the source of the wave and does not change as the wave passes through different mediums.
Waves, such as sound or light, can pass through a medium. The medium can be solid, liquid, or gas, and the particles in the medium vibrate or oscillate as the wave passes through. Energy and information can also pass through a medium in the form of waves.
When light passes through a single medium, it will continue in a straight line at a constant speed, unless it interacts with particles in the medium causing it to scatter or be absorbed. The speed of light in a medium may be different than in a vacuum, leading to refraction.
When light enters a denser medium, its speed decreases, causing it to bend or refract toward the normal of the boundary between the two mediums. The frequency of the light remains constant as it passes through the boundary, but its wavelength changes.
After a wave passes through a medium, the medium returns to its original state. The particles of the medium undergo temporary displacement or vibration as the wave passes through, but they eventually return to their original positions once the energy of the wave has passed.
When a ray of light passes from a rarer medium to a rarer medium, it will continue in a straight line and its speed will remain constant. There will be no change in the direction of the light ray.
The frequency of light remains constant as it passes through different mediums. However, the speed and wavelength of light may change, leading to effects like refraction and dispersion.
After a wave passes through a medium, the particles of the medium typically return to their original position. They may experience temporary displacement as the wave passes through but will eventually settle back to their equilibrium position. The energy of the wave is transferred through the medium without permanently altering the particles.
In a wave, energy is transferred through the particles of the medium without the particles themselves moving in a net direction. The particles oscillate back and forth about their equilibrium positions as the wave passes through, allowing the energy to be transmitted without the medium as a whole being displaced. This is how waves can travel through a medium while the medium itself remains stationary.