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What else can I help you with?
What is sensory neurons?
-noun Biology .a nerve cell that conducts impulses from a sense organ tothe central nervoussystem.
Would hyperreflexia be caused by disorders of the central nervous system or of the peripheral nervous system?
Hyporeflexia is consistent with peripheral nervoussystem deficits but is nonspecific.
What is the deffination of the spinal cord?
amajor part of the central nervoussystem which conducts sensory andmotor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tube-like structureextending from the base of the brain through the vertebralcanal to the upperlumbar region
How does eye control light?
The eye controls the amount of light entering by adjusting the size of the pupil. In bright light, the pupil contracts to let in less light, while in dim light, the pupil dilates to allow more light to enter. The iris, which contains the pupil, is the muscle responsible for regulating the size of the pupil.
How does medication affect the nervoussystem.?
Medications can affect the nervous system by altering the levels of neurotransmitters, which are the chemical messengers that facilitate communication between nerve cells. For example, antidepressants may increase serotonin levels, while stimulants can boost dopamine activity, impacting mood, focus, and behavior. Additionally, some medications can inhibit or enhance the excitability of neurons, leading to changes in sensation, perception, or motor control. Overall, the effects of medication on the nervous system can vary widely depending on the drug's mechanism of action and the individual's unique biology.
The cross section of the human brain?
Not sure if you wanted diagrams, or just to know what the different cross sections are called. If you take a section as if you'd sliced the top of the head off, it's called the horizontal plane If you slice it in an imaginary line which goes down between the eyes, it's called the sagittal plane If you slice it as though you're separating the front of the head from the back, it's called the coronal plane You can see the various sections, & all the internal structures, here: http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/nervoussystem/cns/brain/menu/menu.html (unfortunately, not all the links are live yet)
WHAT system works along with the nervous system?
1) The endocrine system works with the NS (via the hypothalamus and pituitary) 2) The musculoskeletal system works with the NS (via motor neurons) 3) The cardiopulmonary system works with the NS (via the sinoatrial node of the heart interfacing with cardiac muscle)
What system of the body controls your ability to regulate your heart rate?
The somatic nervoussystem system does not control your heartbeat. The autonomic nervous system controls your heartbeat via accelerans nerves of the sympathetic division and vagus nerves of the parasympathetic division. Depending on which signal is sent to the medulla, the accelerans release noradrenaline at the post ganglionic endings on the Sino-Atrial Node speeding up the heart beat or the vagus nerves signaling for the Sino-Atrial Node to slow the heart's pace down. The accelerans nerves are active during physical or emotional stress on the body. The vagus nerves are active due to pressure receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries sending impulses to the medulla that relay the information to the heart to slow down which is usually during resting times.
Why is the reflex reaction important in certain situations?
Without an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing, a human being would not be able to react to its' own functions being harmed in any way. Example: Skin contact with fire, without a response to the flame, your skin would burn.
What ailments of the nervous system commonly take place in your community?
An exam of the brain can show loss of nerve function in one specific area. It may include such things as abnormal sensations, a tingly feeling, an inability to use a part of the body properly and even speech and vision changes. Taking an eye examination may show such things as rapid eye movements, or changes in the individual's field of vision.The symptoms of MS can easier be confused with many other neurological diseases, and disorders. The only way to positively diagnose it as MS is to first rule out all the other possibilities. A history of at least two attacks separated by a period of reduced or no symptoms may be a sign of relapsing-remitting MS. If the doctor can see evidence of loss of reflex or the decrease in function of the central nervoussystem, they may feel that MS could be the cause.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune ailment that will affect the central nervous system, which is the brain and the spinal cord. The symptoms of this disease may include a decrease in the ability to control smaller movements, a decrease in other areas such as the attention span, coordination, judgment and memory.MS may cause depression among its sufferers, as well as difficulty speaking, dizziness, double vision, major fatigue. The movement problems, and muscle spasms begin in the legs. The individual may experience numbness, or the feeling of constant pins and needles in any one of the limbs. Additional symptoms that may be associated with the disease are urinary urgency, incontinence, and, or constipation.It is good to note that any of these symptoms may vary with each attack experienced. They may last months, then reduce or disappear. When and if they recur the symptoms could perhaps attack a new area of the body.
What are the two types of summation at a synapse?
Temporal (quickly repeated signals into one input), and Spatial (many different separate inputs); but summation occurs at axon hillock, not at the synapse.Temporal means related to time; in this case, input signals are quickly repeated.Spatial refers to space; in this case, in a small space leading to a neuron, many separate inputs (dendrites) all receive signals.Temporal - Single presynaptic cell fires action potentials fast enough for the post synaptic potentials to add together and fire an action potential on the post synaptic cellSpatial - Multiple presynaptic cells fire action potentials which converge on their target. Their individual post synaptic potentials add together to fire an action potential on the post synaptic cell(Please note that the previous answer actually relates to summations at the AXON HILLOCK, not at a SYNAPSE. As far as I know, there is no summation at a SYNAPSE. Therefore the way it's written, the question asks about actions which do not occur. The answer above does, however, explain the two types of summations which can occur at the axon hillock very well, as long as it's understood that the actions described happen at the axon hillock, not at the synapse.)Read more: What_are_the_two_types_of_summation_at_a_synapse
Would it be worthwhile to notify someone's family members of his NPD sociopath psychopath textbook behavior if he never sees them?
No because he has not been diagnosed by a therapist and Narcissistic behavior can mimic other mental disorders. It could be you are afraid if you have to make a decision to leave him that you want to set the record straight by telling his family. If anyone would know what he's made out of it would be his family. Save your energy for yourself and if he won't go for therapy then you have no alternative but to leave. It won't get any better.Good luckThere is essential information about the subject of sociopathythat will help you understand it more, especially if you or someone youknow do/does end up diagnosed with this bizarre and rather uniquecondition that is as common as one in twenty-five people...Sociopathy is a mental illness misunderstood by most thanks tomisinformation from the media. A sociopath is someone who suffers fromAnti-social Personality Disorder, which means that they do not feelnormal human emotions; they lack remorse, shame or guilt; and theiremotions are shallow.Sociopaths do not usually "seem crazy" to casual observers; they are in a way extremely rational, but withoutfeeling. If you want someone completely gone, it is rational to killthem, isn't it? Yet it is human empathy which dictates to us that thisis wrong. A sociopath is uncontrolled by human emotion, and anyappearance of this is a facade with an ulterior motive. This condition is not curable, as you cannot force someone to 'feel'something, and it is a chronic condition that neither gets better norworse. For more information on sociopathy do a web search. I findgoogle most helpful. www.Google.comIf you are a sociopath, you probably are resistant to the idea of change.Robert Hare, PhD., says that the personality of a sociopath(psychopath) is essentially set in stone, so to speak, by adulthood,and incredibly hard to change.But some keep trying to help them; giving up is not an option. Sociopaths cause too much trouble.A good therapist can prevent you from victimizing him/her withoutvictimizing you in the process. And recent studies made byneurosurgeons and other medical experts have finally begun to pinpointthe things that go awry in the brain that are part of what causessociopathy.In some cases, such medications as Depakote, Topamax, andeven Lithium are being prescribed, and although some individualtherapists prescribe Ativan and the like, much more research needs Tobe done there on ultimate benefit of drug treatment. It is alreadyknown that drug treatment must be augmented by a very structured andpositive-oriented talk therapy.Sociopaths can get somewhere in talk therapy if the clinician isself-confident and relaxed, firm but never authoritarian orself-important. It must not ever become an ego-contest.Once theprocess gets far enough along so that the sociopath is actually able tofeel even a tiny flicker of genuine happiness, that is an impetus thatwill grow stronger if the process continues to move forward.But a sociopath seeking this must be warned that at some point quitewell along in the process of therapy, there will be an interval inwhich all the newly developing strength is called upon to endure verydeep and long-buried pain. Sticking to it through that takes a verystrong will.The therapist must repeatedly remind the patient that the process willalso reward him or her with better and better feelings, ultimatelybecoming its own reward: that terrible emptinesscalled 'boredom' or 'static' beingreplaced by feeling, both painful and joyous.In cases where brain damage is too severe to permit of this on its own,new developments in technology in the next decades will bringimplantable devices that may be able to be used in the brain, alongwith other means including synthetic replacement neurotransmitters, tocarry nerve impulses along paths formerly silent and unused in thesociopath's brain.Although such devices would have to be used withextreme care to avoid causing violent convulsive seizures, some of theanti-convulsant medications that are already being prescribed tosociopaths in test trials could possibly prevent this unwelcomeside-effect.In the present, therapy is hard to come by for anybody notextremely wealthy, and for sociopaths, many of whom are unable to work,it is even that much harder to find help. But it exists. And, lookingat some observations posted at other similar questions by others, onecan see that a very popular opinion is that sociopaths, psychopaths,are all "evil" and undeserving of help!One very important point, therefore, is that, most certainly, no onehelps sociopaths by repeatedly calling them 'evil'! That kind ofresponse cannot possibly help anyone.Yes, of course sociopaths arouse great anger in people; one must takecare of oneself and make steps so as not to allow oneself to bevictimized. But HATRED is another issue: if hate takes you over, you become that much more like the sociopath.A sociopath before treatmentcannot trust anyone and must learn the fundaments of trust andinteraction between people. No one who is persuaded to believe that heor she is just plain bad can sustain any hope for change.It becomes avicious cycle: the sociopath, being told he or she is evil and cannotbe helped, gives up, and in frustration and anger lashes out again atpeople, and in response to that, people say that their original pointis proven.The main reason sociopaths don't usually seek help is that they can'ttrust, rather than that they like being as they are. Plus, they canoften sense exactly what sort of a response any call for help on theirpart is most likely to elicit from professionals and lay folk alike.Sociopaths are not breezing along in paradise. It isn't all a game.It's a truly miserable existence. And it can be made better.Being born with a genetic marker that, for reasons neuroscientistsdon't yet know, causes the cerebral cortex to process information in achaotic way, and to miss much of the emotional information that wouldnormally shape the growing child's mind and start the process ofsocialization.Robert Hare (see his book,"Without Conscience") worked with existing EEG and brain-scan (PETscan?) technology to show that sociopaths do not process emotionalinformation the way other people do.It is believed that in childhood,a born sociopath learns to direct such input through other routes inthe cerebral cortex, but as of yet no one knows what blocks theimpulses and signals from following their normal route.Corticalunderarousal, underactive sympathetic division of the autonomic nervoussystem, and brain waves while awake (on EEG) that resemble thealpha-waves of light sleep, are all common or universal symptoms ofprimary psychopaths.In addition, more and more research shows thatpsychopaths lack the neurotransmitter Oxytocin (secreted by thepituitary gland) and often have only half as much Vasopressin(antidiuretic hormone) as most people do. Abnormalities are thus notconfined to the cerebral cortex; they can be found in the cingulategyrus and the entire limbic system as well.ANYTHING THAT AFFECTSNEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS CAN POSSIBLY CAUSE THESEDEFICIENCIES. In addition to this, a child's brain developsexponentially after birth, and early development requires physicalcontact and stimulation in order to form the basis for interpersonalbonding; secondary psychopaths are thought to have lacked this; refersto Reactive Attachment Disorder too.It may notbe "curable" yet, but it most certainly isn't as hopeless as so manypeople say. There is therefore nothing to be gained and much to be lostwhen therapists and lay folk try to ostracize sociopaths from the humanrace entirely! Sensationalism and superstition will only preventprogress.This was written on another question on the same essential topic as this one, by a self-confessed sociopath (other than me!) --Sociopaths, though born that way, are people too. To avoid anentire group of people is absurd. That's like saying, "Since thesepeople have dark skin, everyone should completely avert themselves fromthem." I am a moderate sociopath, and though part of me doesn't want tochange, another does. Many times it is really entertaining to see howstupid people can be, especially when they're so gullible as to believeevery word that mellifluously flows from my lips. Yes, I am parasitic,but even so, there are some people I would like to stop hurting. Ican't find any websites that can provide a way to help my sociopathy.Maybe people like you should stop your self-victimisation and starttrying to actually help people like me! I knew I was a sociopath beforethe age of ten but have only recently had it officially diagnosed. I ameighteen years old now, and I have been lying and destroying others'sanity for a long time. So, please post some helpful tidbits that mighthelp sociopaths resist the sweet urges we get when we encounter weakhuman beings. When you cut us, do we not bleed? When you kill us, do wenot die? Do you honestly think that you're being lied to andmanipulated when we sincerely ask for help. Listen to yourselves! Thisis the internet; ergo, you're safe from our fortified mental grasp.The essay that follows was written in another answer by anotherself-admitted sociopath, who actually might not be a sociopath.Stillanother person added the brief comment to that effect after her tragic essay.umm... i kind of am one... just so y'all know, it's not so muchfun being one either. i read that sentence up there, "Incapable of realhuman attachment to another." i don't even know what that is, i see it,i approximate it... it's like being outside a door looking through adirty window and watching re-runs of people I've seen in love or withchildren or with friends, and scratching, sometimes banging at theglass to get in and... nothing. I'm fond of people in every sense ofthe word, their little quirks and habits, the way they see life, exceptif they went away it wouldn't bother me much other than finding someoneelse to be fond of. i don't have friends, i only date military menbecause they're ok with only having a girlfriend for a couple monthsand i tell them in advance i won't wait for them... i don't know whatelse to do to limit the damage i inflict on others just as a result ofthem knowing me, short of moving to the mountains... but i still movebetween 2-5 times a year :( it's kind of hard walking around knowingi'll never have what i see making other people so happy and runningwhen i can tell someone is getting close just because i don't want tohurt them more later down the road... i'd like it a lot to settle down,i WANT to be able to feel more with people, but it's hard to miss whatyou never had. i want what i THINK it would feel like... it'd be easyto give in and let someone stay because I'm so lonely... but hey, i'vewritten enough, just know i try to be a responsible little sociopath, iwon't ever get married or have kids, i practice safe sex, i won't stayin one city for long... everything you all take for granted i willnever let myself have just because i WANT to take it for granted. beinglike this won't go away so hopefully i can limit the amount of hatethrown my way by limiting my interaction with people, i don't know whatelse to do. and you all might not believe this, but i am sorry,hopefully i can speak for the other people who have damaged your lives.Comment: The above testimony is clearly not indicative of asociopath because she seems to make efforts to keep from harmingothers, even if it doesn't benefit herself. One of the things that would be necessary in the attempted recovery ofa sociopath using neurosurgery or medication would be to then try tosocialize the person whose congenital birth defect made such a thingcompletely impossible before. Sociopaths cannot be "resocialized" because they were never socialized to begin with; the parts of the brain that handle that did not develop at all in the sociopath.Whatever intervention is used, be itdrugs or computer chips or what have you, it would probably -- I'd saycertainly -- be excruciating for the patient at first.With noknowledge of how to cope with the emotions the rest of the world hasbeen dealing with all their lives, the recovering sociopath would berendered as vulnerable as a baby.Which makes sense, because some ofthe most basic aspects of the human mind would be developing from theprimordial stasis in which they had remained since birth!A person thus treated would never be fully normal, but the humanbrain is amazing in the way it adapts and continues to develop allthrough life.And given the utterly joyless and meaningless existence asociopath leads, any improvement is better than none.The matter of missing neurotransmitters in a sociopath is, ofcourse, another problem. Would "waking up" the cerebral cortexeventually stimulate production of these? Or would they have to besynthesized?Only time will tell.SabrinaSingularity with bits from several additional other writers, culled from other answers as well, on this subject.Suggestion: Better to sign in; better to be a name rather than a number.
