There's a .44 Magnum variant of the Desert Eagle.
Probably. It would likely refer to a handgun that fires a .45 caliber ACP, or .45 GAP or an older .45 caliber revolver round.
"Magnum" refers to the cartridge, not the firearm. The Desert Eagle fires Magnum cartridges. What you're probably asking is the difference between a revolver chambered for Magnum cartridges, and a Desert Eagle semi automatic pistol. Of the two, the revolver would typically be much more practical.
No. Most powerful handgun can be a bit ambiguous, considering that many short barreled rifles are sold in the US as handguns, minus the buttstock. As for purpose made and designed pistols, in the traditional sense, firing a dedicated handgun cartridge, the answer still is no. The most powerful production pistol in the world which fires a dedicated pistol cartridge is the Pfeifer Zeliska revolver. It fires a .600 Nitro cartridge. There are several other dedicated pistol cartridges which eclipse the .44 Magnum in terms of power - .454 Casull, .50 Action Express, and .500 Smith & Wesson Magnum are some of the better known ones. Even when Clint Eastwood claimed in the movie 'Dirty Harry' that the .44 was the most powerful handgun cartridge in the world (the movie was released in 1971), he was already outdated - the .454 Casull had already been introduced in 1959.
The guy with the revolver that fires out of fear
There is no handgun that fires 12 guage shells besides a sawed off shotgun, which you need a title 2 weapons permit to puchase.
A hadgun that fires a .5" projectile
More expensive. That depends on what specific guns you are comparing. The .25 fires a bullet that is slightly larger in diamater than a .22
You're thinking of the Taurus Judge Magnum. It's a five shot revolver which fires .410 shotgun shells (up to 3", IIRC), and reviews about it are mixed, with lots of complaints of unreliability and quality issues.
Possible.
M500 typically refers to a specific model of a firearm, particularly the Smith & Wesson M500, which is a powerful revolver chambered for the .500 S&W Magnum cartridge. It is known for its high stopping power and is often used for big game hunting and bear defense. The "M" stands for "model," while "500" denotes the caliber of the cartridge it fires.
Your Rossi revolver fires the .38 special cartridge.
Small handgun that fires 22 short.