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The Apollo missions brought back 196 documented samples of lunar soils and rocks weighing a total of 382 kilograms during approximately 80 hours of exploration. Studies done on these samples show that the moon is made out of the same material as the earth's crust. If the moon was made in a different part of the universe and simply captured by the earth's gravity, this would be very unlikely. Another option is that the moon had been formed at the same time as the earth from a similar process, but in that case the moon would likely have had a larger metallic core, which it does not.

It is therefore believed that the moon was created in earth's past when a proto planet collided with proto earth (an older, and smaller earth). The earth we know today is therefore a merger of these two bodies (proto planet and proto earth). The debris which did not fall back to earth after the collision, gathered together to form the moon. Computer simulations have shown that the moon could form under such circumstances.

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