A huge amount, far too much to explain here. Astronomy is a fascinating subject and well worth finding out more about.
If you have to ask, No.
No, but our sun is a star just like all the other stars in the night sky.
The Sun doesn't "chase" anything. Sun, Moon, and stars seem to rise and set, due to the rotation of planet Earth.
Because the sun is a star.
because of the stars because they are unique
All stars are sun or sun is the star both are same.
Yes, it orbits the galactic center.The sun is one of billions of stars that comprise the Milky Way galaxy - a more or less flat circular disk of stars that rotates about it's centre. Therefore, the sun "orbit" the centre of the galaxy in a manner analogous to how the earth orbits the sun.
the sun and the stars are the same the only difference is that the stars are farther away and the sun is closer
Population II stars are lower in "metals" than population I stars. By metals, astronomers mean anything other than hydrogen and helium.
No, the sun is not the hottest of all stars. There are stars that are up to 7 times hotter than the sun.
The sun is larger than some of the other stars. There are many stars that are larger than the sun.
Well, they don't affect us directly... But it's interesting to know that most stars - and pressumably that will include our Sun - will end up as a white dwarf, eventually. The exception is the most massive stars, which become neutron stars or black holes.