Yes.
Tundra is abiotic because it cannot breathe oxygen.
Some abiotic factors in the tundra are dirt, water, sun, air, snow, precipitation.
Permafrost is a crucial abiotic factor in the tundra biome. It influences soil structure, water drainage, and plant growth by creating a layer of permanently frozen ground. This frozen layer affects the availability of nutrients and water, key factors for the survival of tundra organisms.
Tundra is abiotic because it cannot breathe oxygen.
abiotic
Yes, it has elements of both.
It has biotic and abiotic elements.
they're abiotic
No. Topography is not alive and has never been. It is an Abiotic Factor.
A volcano is an abiotic factor.
abiotic
Abiotic