The book of Exodus IS one of the Jewish holy texts. It does not "observe" holy texts.
The Torah is the Jewish Holy Book.
NO. Quran is the Islamic holy book.
The Torah is a Jewish holy book, it is not related to Buddhism.
phylacteries/tefillin
The Book of Exodus.
y
It is Torah
Judaism, the Jewish religion.
The Tanakh (Jewish Bible).
The Holy Book of Judaism is the Tanakh. Israel is a nation without an official state religion. (While Israel is the Jewish State, it is only Jewish in the ethnic sense, not the religious sense.) Most Israelis are Jews, but there are Muslim, Christian, Druze, and Baha'i minorities who each have their own holy books. To read more about the Jewish Holy Book, please read the Related Question below.
Yes, Judaism has both. The symbol of Judaism is typically the Magen David (Star of David) and the Holy Book is the Torah (Pentateuch) or Tanakh (Jewish Bible). More on the Jewish Holy Books can be read in the Related Question below.