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This concept was called saltationism. It posited that organisms could be speciated by " hopeful monster " mutations in one large jump and this concept vied for prominence among biologists, mostly geneticists, with gradualist concepts of how evolution happened and all this in the early 20th century. This concept was shown to have no merit and has been refuted since then.
No
The modern concept of genetics was unknown during Darwin's lifetime, and for many years after. Darwin based his theory of evolution upon observation of the similarities and differences between closely related species, and how they could have developed.
This is the concept of gradualism.
This is the concept of gradualism.
Natural selection explains adaptive change in the immediate environment.
This concept was called saltationism. It posited that organisms could be speciated by " hopeful monster " mutations in one large jump and this concept vied for prominence among biologists, mostly geneticists, with gradualist concepts of how evolution happened and all this in the early 20th century. This concept was shown to have no merit and has been refuted since then.
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
No
Lamark's theory incorporated this concept though Darwin picked up on it and used it in his seminal work. The concept is the use and disuse concept.
The morphological species concept differentiates species by their physical traits, basically. The biological species concept defines a species as generally organisms that breed with others of the same species; rather a genetic isolation concept. The phylogenetic concept is based on evolutionary relationships and is the concept used by cladists.
Evolution was the starting point for Reincarnation.
Two main concepts. The concept of acquired characteristics where a characteristic, such as developed muscles, could be passed on to progeny. Refuted. Also the concept that organisms have a innate " desire " to evolve in certain directions. Also refuted.
Physical, or biological anthropology is the coherent half of anthropology and is underlined by the concept of evolution and the theory of evolution by natural selection. Physical anthropology concerns itself with comparative studies of simian and prosimian species and the evolution of the human species. So evolution is the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms in physical anthropology as well as anywhere in the world.
Individual differences refer to the unique traits and characteristics that distinguish one person from another. These differences can include personality traits, intelligence levels, skills, abilities, and experiences. Recognizing and understanding individual differences is important for educators, psychologists, and employers in tailoring their approaches to meet the specific needs and preferences of individuals.
A generalization of the concept of molecular evolution is the observation that the basic biochemical processes of all organisms are very similar, despite the apparently arbitrary nature of many of these processes
" Translated " is not the correct word. The concept is called social Darwinism and has little to do with the theory of evolution by natural selection because it is not about the natural struggle for existence of individual organisms, but about how societies compete. This is not an evolutionary concept. Herbert Spenser devised this concept and Darwin did not have anything to do with it and really did not approve of the concept's tenets.