Thane, Garrus, Jacob, Miranda, Tali, Legion, Grunt, Jack, Mordin, Samara/Morinth. Those are the normal ones. If you get the downloadable ones you can also add Zaeed and Kasumi.
She is, but you cannot recruit her.
No because you choose who you want to recruit first to the normandy.
Do the missions where is says "recruit the (Insert class type)".
You have to recruit them from different planets. You will see where they are from the galaxy map, in the center of your ship. Their names will be labeled in their location.
You first run into Tali at Freedom's Progress,but at the end of the mission she is not recruitable as she has her own mission to take care of. However, later on you will be able to help her with her mission,which will lead to her becoming recruitable for your suicide squad.
You won't be able to import your save game from ME1.
The only item that affects inertia is mass.
Admiral Hackett is in charge of the Crucible. All the Scientists, Engineers, and most of the people you recruit will contribute to building the Crucible.
There is an online Mass Effect Wiki that contains the full list of planets and their contents.
You spend them on research projects for upgrades. After you recruit Mordin Solus, the scientist, you can access the tech part of your ship and spend resources on upgrades.
If he died in Mass Effect 1 then he is not in Mass Effect 2. If he survived Mass Effect 1 he shows up in Mass Effect 2 but he can not be killed.
You must play on hardcore or insane the whole level without changing for it to be there. It is located on Haestrom in the recruit tali mission. it is on the floor in the room that tali is located in.