Microwaves can cook any food in a dish unless the dish is made out of some kind of metal. The rays that a microwave produce can not penetrate anything that is metal.
Yes, microwaves will pass through plain glass.
Yes, microwaves inside of a microwave oven do indeed pass through a material - for example - a glass casserole dish or other cooking vessel - to reach the food inside the vessel to begin the cooking process. The microwaves also pass through paper, plastic and similar materials - that is why one can cook with such materials in a microwave oven. Microwaves however do not pass through metal objects, but rather often cause arching in a microwave oven, and thus can not be used in a microwave oven. Properly working microwave ovens do not allow the microwaves to pass from inside the oven to the outside world.
In general, microwaves will not pass through water. They have little ability to penetrate this substance.
This depends upon the particular frequency of the microwaves. Your microwave oven uses microwaves that are tuned to the exact resonance frequency of the water molecule, therefore they are absorbed by water and cause it to get hotter. Other frequencies would tend to pass through water. Similarly, microwaves normally pass through both air and glass, although there are some frequencies that would be absorbed by glass. Air is transparent to all frequencies of microwaves.
To oversimplify it, the ionosphere either reflect microwaves or allows it to pass through depending upon its frequency, the threshold is approximately 100MHz. Anything below that gets reflected anything higher passes through.
The dimensions of the holes are less than half the wavelength of the microwaves. Most microwaves operate at 2.5 GHz making the wavelength about 1cm. Half of that is 0.5 cm. Any hole small than this will not allow the wave to pass through.
yes, they are also a type of electromagnetic waves. any EM wave can travel in space as they can pass through vacuum.
GPS satellites use microwaves to transmit information in binary. They use microwaves because they are low frequency and can pass through the ionosphere without being reflected.
It depends on the wavelength, and the intensity. Most microwaves pass through us with no issues. Microwaves used for heating water will heat our tissues, causing damage / death. Microwaves used in older radar guns caused bone cancer when the patrolmen using those guns layed them on their legs between reading vehicle speeds.
Some do and some don't. Microwaves, the shortest length rf (radio frequency), have high percentage of absorption in tissue. The longer rf waves do pass through the body without significant absorption.
Some forms of electromagnetic radiation that can pass through glass are x-rays,gamma rays,ordinary light,microwaves,infrared and radio waves.
Microwave safe simply means that the material that the "utensil" or cookware is made of does not readily react to the bombardment of microwaves and many microwaves can pass through them more unobscured than with other materials. Their structures may get warm as they are excited but do not melt, spark or release their composits into food/air etc... For example metals will spark as the microwaves hit their surface, certain glasses and ceramics will get hot as their molecules build up energy from the microwaves radiating through them until they let loose and crack or explode.