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The old Periodic Table was arranged according to the mass number (the weight of the atom overall, including neutrons, protons and electrons), whereas the modern periodic table is arranged according to the atomic number (which only includes the number of protons present in the atom, and increases by one as you move from left to right across the table). This makes a difference because some atoms have unequal numbers of protons and neutrons, which can throw off the weight of the atom.

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