stand offs
standoffs
If you are refering to the 20 or 24 pin molex connector, this is the motherboard power distribution subsystem from the power supply. If you are refering to the several other small connectors, they have various functions. Front panel indicators and switchs, USB distribution connectors, fans, CD audio, etc.
If there are four connectors, then you are probably referring to Serial ATA (SATA). If the connector is a small, L-shaped socket, then you simply need to get a SATA cable. It is a thin flat cable, almost always red with black connectors at the ends. At least one should have came with the motherboard/case/power supply or hard drive. You can usually use any of the plugs on the motherboard, but look for one that says SATA0 (zero) or SATA1. Just start with the lowest number you can find.
jumpers
A CPU is a small square chip that is secured to the motherboard.
Answer: When using an 80-conductor cable-select cable, the drive nearest the motherboard is the master, and the drive farthest from the motherboard is the slave. You can recognize a cable-select cable by a small hole somewhere in the the data cable or by labels (master or slave) on the connectors. -CompTIA A+ Guide to Hardware, Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting Fifth Edition 2010 copyright - Jean Andrews, Ph.D.
CMOS or BIOS configuration settings
Yes. It is next to something that is called the bus. It has a small fan that is also connected to it so it doesn't over heat. It is the main part of the motherboard and of the computer without it a computer can do nothing Hope this helped :P
should be the same mounts as they are both small blocks.
A micro ATX motherboard is simply a small version of the more popular ATX motherboard. It has less room for expansion (graphics, sound and network card.
If the old mounts were compressed over the years, there could be a small lift of the engine with new mounts. If the lift is more than an inch or so, you should check that the proper mounts were installed.
The form facter relates to the actual dimensions of the motherboard itself. There are 2 sizes: Large and Small. ATX = Large, mATX = Small.